Nutritional Epidemiology (external validity) Essay

Nutritional Epidemiology (external validity) - Essay Example Some of the research design factors that affect the validity of research results and recommendations include; Hawthorne Effect, situation specifics such as treatment conditions, pre-test effects and post-test effects to the observation. This paper will discuss the external validity of three studies investigating the effect of micronutrients and vitamins on colorectal cancer development. To study the effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 on colorectal adenoma, Song et al (2012) used a subset of the Women’s Antioxidants and Folic acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS) (Song, et al, 2012). The design was a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial involving women professional at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The inclusion criteria were age of above 40 years, postmenopausal, and a self reported cardiovascular disease of predisposing factors (Song et al, 2012). This study did not find statistically significant effect (protective or predisposing) of combined B vitamins in colorectal cancer contrary to some of the previous studies (Song et al, 2012). While the blinded approach of the study eliminates potential bias thus enhance its external validity, randomization introduces artificial effect that is not, in real life setting. The single sex specification of the study also limits its generalization across people when compared to the wider community, which is comprised of the two sexes. In real life predisposing risk factors affect both sexes in interactions that may be difficult to simulate in an experimental setup. The timing of the study though is one of the longest treatments and post-treatment follow up assessment (approximately nine years) is far from ecological reality. However, cardiovascular disease predisposing factor improves the generalization of the study to situations. Therefore, the findings of

Eriksons Stages Essay Example for Free

Eriksons Stages Essay This experiential learning activity will give you an opportunity to apply basic psychological principles to learn more about your own behavior. The project will be conducted over a 9 week period. By week 3, you will choose a behavior that you would like to change and come up with a behavior change plan. In weeks 4-10, you will work on changing that behavior and record your progress. In weeks 11-13, you will reflect, analyze, and interpret your behavior change and outcomes. A 5 page write-up (double spaced) of this behavior change activity covering the points described below is due the week of presentations at the beginning of the class period. Here are the steps: 1. Select a behavior that you would like to change, one that you’d like to increase or decrease or modify in some way (Examples: eating junk or high-fat foods, chewing gum, smoking, getting angry, studying, exercising, spending money, worrying, etc). 2. Define your specific goal, consider the benefits and barriers, and choose a behavior modification plan. 3. Design a method of tracking your daily progress. This could be a tallying form, a data table, etc. This device should allow you to record the frequency and/or duration of your behavior on a daily basis. (if your behavior is something that is done several times a day, you might want to create a data tracking device that you can carry along with you). 4. Record your behavior, following the procedures you have developed, throughout the semester. Write a 5 page report that includes the following points and be sure to include theories and concepts we covered during class in addition to these sections. **Use at least 2 journal articles related to your topic and give a brief description of the articles in the introduction** Goal-Setting and Monitoring †¢ What behavior did you try to change? What was your precise goal? (for example, to increase/decrease the frequency and or duration) †¢ What were the benefits that you perceived to changing your behavior? In other words, why did you want to change your behavior? †¢ How did you keep track of (record) your daily progress? Very briefly describe the type of tallying sheet (or recording device) that you used. Motivation †¢ Where do you think your goal would fall on Maslow’s hierarchy of motives and why? What types of counter-motives made it difficult for you to accomplish your goal (example; hunger, pleasure, etc.) Where would these counter-motives fall on Maslow’s hierarchy? †¢ Did you feel more intrinsically or extrinsically motivated to change this behavior and why? †¢ Did your goal involve the behavioral activation system (BAS) or the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and why? Was your goal more approach- or avoidance-oriented and why? †¢ Do you think that your motives contributed to your outcome? How and why? Learning †¢ How did you go about trying to change your behavior? Did you use any of the behavior learning strategies that we discussed in class such as classical or operant conditioning? †¢ How did you use these strategies? Did they work or not? Emotions, Barriers, and Social Support †¢ What types of emotions did you feel when trying to change your behavior? How did you feel along the way and how were these emotions related to the amount of effort you invested in trying to change your behavior? †¢ What were some of the barriers that you encountered while trying the change the behavior? Did you expect these barriers when you started or did they surprise you along the way? What did you do to overcome these barriers? †¢ Did you enlist the help of family and friends in trying to change your behavior? Was this helpful or harmful? Conclusion †¢ Did you reach your goal or not? How do you feel about the outcome? What could you do differently in the future to be even more successful at changing your behavior? Outline of written report †¢Introduction †¢Description of topic †¢Explanation of why this is an important area of study †¢Reason for picking this area to write about †¢Literature review †¢Description of theory †¢Previous research on topic (Use at least 2 journal articles related to your topic and give a brief description of the articles) †¢Citations of all work mentioned in the paper †¢Statement of hypothesis †¢Methods section †¢Description of process in reaching your goal (recording behavior, keeping track, etc) †¢Description of materials used (tally sheet? recording device?) †¢Results †¢Conclusions †¢Goal-setting Monitoring †¢Motivation †¢Learning †¢Emotions, barriers, and social support †¢Conclusion paragraph (see assignment sheet) †¢Applications (how will these results be useful to individuals and society as a whole?) †¢References †¢APA style †¢Citations in the body of paper should appear in the reference section

Benefits Of Playback Technologies Film Studies Essay

Benefits Of Playback Technologies Film Studies Essay In what ways can playback technologies be said to have changed or enhanced modes of viewing film or television? Before discussing if or how playback technologies have enhanced modes of viewing, it is pertinent to understand how and why technologies have changed. The first instance of moving image on screen was by the lumiere brothers and their arrival of a train film. This was shown to the amazement of the crowd as they mistook this for a real life event. This seminal moment would forever change exhibition of moving images and thus the lumieres blazed a trail for what we now consider contemporary film form. Around the time of the lumieres moving image, moving image itself was an incredibly new phenomenon and in the 1900s the moving image became massively popular, although for more of its novelty. Because of this it became a popular attraction for audiences attending travelling carnivals, music halls and vaudeville houses in the United States, public modes of viewing were now just aro und the corner The first static movie house solely designed for showing motion pictures was Tallys Electric Theater, in Los Angeles in 1902 one of the first modern movie palaces. It was also a forerunner to the more omnipresent nickelodeons (named because the entry fee was a nickel) that opened in 1905. This soon developed into a small yet popular movement in the US and people were consuming short films in the public sphere. This model of the public consumption of movies is of significance with regard to enhancing modes of viewing as it created a sense of a cinematic community. In 1912 film moved from the grass roots nickelodeons into real film theatres. The sole purpose was exhibiting film, film and the industry became more robust and the film industry itself shifted from a travelling novelty to a credible business. The way in which we consume films has long been considered a public and social event, although the glamorous movie palaces of old had faced military bombardment in world war two Britain, and the public were refusing to attend decrepit movie theatres in the fifties and sixties. But when the seventies arrived, the wests economies had revitalised somewhat, and many people were moving house to the newly built suburbs, industry had changed also, as technology jumped forward, the shift was from manual industry to retail and computing. Because of this many people had more expendable capitol and a newly flexible working week, and the phenomenon of leisure time was born. Hollywood in the 1970s became astute to these many changes and overhauls and business practices along with public response as in 1975, the concept of a summer blockbuster was just beginning to materialise. For many years summer was considered out of season for the movie industry, partly because few moviegoers wanted to spend ninety minutes to two hours in a theatre without any air-conditioning. Jaws (1975) and Star Wars (1977) respectively were at the frontline of this new filmic movement, both films are seminal with regard to how business practice enhanced a public mode of viewing, Spielbergs Jaws, was the first motion picture to see the potential of television as a form of cross media marketing, until Spielberg came to this realisation television and film had had few dealings with one another. The two spheres existed in opposition until this time. Before the summer of 1975, Hollywood studios traditionally did not advertise their movies on network television. It was too expensive to do so and the risk of debt against a pre-realised film seemed suicidal. Shortly before the release of Jaws Columbia Pictures bought 40 viewing slots at prime viewing times, then, for three nights prior to the release of Jaws on June 20, 1975, Universal saturated the networks during primetime television with 30-second traile rs of the movie. this is I argue, one of the first times where these two mediums have existed in harmony, the private viewing sphere of TV influenced the public viewing sphere of film. Mainly because of how television beamed into the private home at times of the highest probable viewing figures, i.e ad breaks between the modern equivalent of ITVs The Xfactor, saturating the airwaves in such a manner shot Jaws into the record books, this two pronged approach to film marketing changed modes of viewing instantly as it brought all tiers of the public together by creating a none discriminatory genre, that is utilized even more predominantly to this day, the blockbuster evolved from a film term denoting a motion picture that had surpassed profit expectations and popularity. To that of a bona fide Hollywood genre, with execs wanting to harness such profitability to minimise risk, public reaction to Jaws fed back into Hollywood and the blockbuster as a genre is created Furthermore Jaws helped set the trend in other areas as well, that of the opening in multiple theatres across a country. Although, Jaws was not the first film to adopt a model of saturated cinema release patterns; In 1970s the public saw the long awaited release of Francis Ford Coppolas The Godfather. Prior to The Godfather, high-profile movies would usually play for three months in only one place, either one theatre or one city, before slowly feeding into other major cities and then, finally, to second- and third, small cinemas in small towns across the country. This modest mode of exhibiting film did have methodology, the film was allowed to spin its own hype, this kept costs down for companies and allow people to advertise the movie themselves via word of mouth. The Godfather had hit a new system of exhibition more through luck than judgement admittedly; Spielberg adhered to this mode of exhibition with Jaws. The film opened in nearly 500 theatres, and in an astounding 78 days it had already dethroned The Godfather at the box office. This level of public following and adoration had the knock on effect of creating a level of fandom and fan following, through saturating the public domain of film exhibition with these films; it created a metaphorical community of avid followers, which all revelled in the images Coppola and Spielberg created. These two directors enhanced modes of viewing via these methods, both synergy and saturated release patterns were pivotal for box office profits for both these movies. Also due to the sheer amount of people who consumed both these texts, Jaws brought people out of the domestic home into the public cinema, and through saturation Coppola created a level of public following present in both films, which enhanced understanding and thus blazed a trail for fandom to rise, Which Lucas Star Wars duly exploited with ancillary rights. Lucas utilized both synergy and saturation with Star Wars but elevated the brand by use of merchandis ing, the result was twofold, Star Wars as a means of producing income; was solidified, even if it was to be a box office flop, Lucas was sure to be in profit, secondly ancillary rights gave insight to the film and allowed fans to buy in to the brand, Lucas created a physical fan base with his Star Wars products, where before, Spielberg and Coppola only had a metaphysical community The discussion thus far has centred on how classic texts changed public modes of viewing, and through change, enhanced understanding of the films. Fandom is an important area to focus on when exploring modes of viewing as; when exploring the cinematic world at any length, the term cinephile will undoubtedly raise itself. This is a term given to a person that not only watches and enjoys the film and the world it creates, similar to the reaction to the three texts previously mentioned. As Christian Metz suggests: Enchanted at what the machine is capable of, the film devotee enters the theatre not just to encounter a particular film but to take ardent, fetishistic pleasure in the viewing conditions themselves The term cinephile would have been used to describe what we would deem a super fan by todays standards. Although it has been argued that film exhibition in the domestic setting is the complete antithesis of the purpose of film itself, which is to revel in the sheer spectacle of film on the big screen, and be completely absorbed into it. But with the inauguration of cinematic conventions into the domestic sphere with regard to playback technologies, therein the recreation of cinematic conditions within the home. It has brought the elitist cinephile into the home and moulded the act of cinephilia as a norm for any buyer of DVD; and this is perhaps most explicitly underlined with the implementation of the DVD in 1996. the film Twister lead this new charge, the digital versatile disc movie compressed film code smaller allowing more flexibility and more film data per unit; this allowed more of an all encompassing control over the viewing experience. The picture and sound quality were now of a cinematic rival. Furthermore the introduction of extra features about the film, director interviews, interviews with cast and crew, behind the scenes etc. This gave the audience an insight that was usually the territory of the avid fan of super fan, the audience revelled in this new knowledge and the power it yielded over the film. The DVD in essence brought the wider world of fandom where an avid fan would physically need to seek out further information about a film through television, paper and magazine interviews and the internet. The DVD gave a full panoramic view of the film, from pre to post production and all in between. It gives the owner of the disc an ownership of sorts of the film they have purchased, no longer does the spectator only gaze at film, passively taking in the codes and conventions of the film world, being absorbed into the film world. But almost in a Brechtian fashion, the consumer engages with the film, starting and stopping, learning and absorbing elem ents of the film through their own choice, and the DVDs features encourage and accommodate such behaviours. This mode of viewing brought the once super-fan behaviour to the mainstream public and in this case private sphere, thus fandom which was once the domain of eccentric fans has now become the norm through the various features on DVD. The subject of fandom becoming the norm is significant and leads me to my next point, that of the private predominance of film consumption. The days of public viewing of film being the sole exhibitor of film are unfortunately over, not to say the public event of film viewing is not still popular actually on the 18th of December to the 21st the fifteen films at the box office grossed a total of  £133,519,510.00. But what has changed, is how the public now move through films and film worlds with the invention of playback technologies, making the domestic sphere an easier and more appealing surrounding for film viewing. The ownership of home theatre technology allows a private sphere where people have the flexibility to watch films at their own leisure, without the necessity of attending a multiplex at a specific time. With the constant implementation of new technologies in the home, it is easy to see how they help the domestic sphere in its faithful recreation of a public mode of viewing, I argue this domestic sphere is likely to remain the more prominent mode of viewing in what is now a modern society, especially as soc ietal and cultural ethos has always been progression and not regression. This means, home theatre technologies and opinions towards it will enhance, progress and solidify, although Williams argues that the environment whereby we physically consume the film world is loaded with many sign systems influencing how and to what level we enjoy the film, it nevertheless supports the argument that even though a domestic home is busy, an often loud abrasive place to watch a film. The home world will endeavour in the recreation of an environment similar to a public cinema, i.e. wall mounted, flat screen television, HD, surround sound and ambient lighting. So these two worlds converge and interweave far more than suspected. Furthermore Eric Hirsh continues a similar argument. Since the late eighteenth century, private space of the home has often been idealized as a sanctuary from the complications and demands of public life. However, Hirsch argues, it is quite a different dynamic; Sustainable only through an ever-widening and interrelated set of connections with the public, the world of work, and society, from which it was self-consciously separated. He alludes to that of the domestic sphere running alongside the public one, rather than each sector being mutually exclusive but rather the private domain is existing with outside connections. Both these spheres now have a symbiotic relationship, the modern home and its inhabitants are not shut out of society when they move into the private sphere but rather consume from within, this mode of consumption is loaded with many cultural and ideological arguments, but there is a definite correlation between this and modern advancements in playback technology. The modern integration of these playback technologies into the home is a modern phenomenon and it cannot be denied that their implementation has changed modes of viewing beyond anything that could have been hypothesized many years ago. the domestic sphere has forever had tags of looking at the television with a somewhat roving eye, and the cinematic public mode of viewing has a engrossed eye, whereby the viewer is transported into the film world of the big screen, but these outside connections break the barrier between the two spheres. But the actual atmosphere of the home struggles to rival a cinematic one, nevertheless the two spheres have now converged via modern playback technologies. Although the inherent irony lies that this media self sufficiency is somewhat of an empty husk as it relies on the importation of such playback technologies from the outside. The more the private becomes saturated with commodities of the public it could be argued that the very term private will be a difficult description of the domestic sphere. Nevertheless the two domains do now interweave, which as discussed, was not apparent many years ago. Although where the dominance lies within which sphere can be ambiguous, although it could be argued that the internet is a one way door from the outside into the domestic and with people now consuming huge amounts of film texts via illegal streaming of just or pre-released texts, it looks unlikely that the public will place such high priority on the cinema again, with an engrained ideology of instant gratification, watching the public film from the private setting is now the norm. The prevalent enhancement rightly or wrongly to attach itself to new playback technology Modern modes of film viewing is not only privatised within the domestic, but also individualised within the mobile. IPods, PSPs, portable DVD players and mobile phones means modes of viewing are streamlined so we now move through this media in terms of film consumption, we no longer have the restrictions of viewing in public cinema or the domestic home, but rather the prior mentioned technologies make viewing mobile and endlessly flexible, for instance youripodmovies.com offer customers a vast database of movie titles to download and then watch directly off of their iPod. This streamlined individual control was epitomized in Newsweeks cover of the future of entertainment (fig 1). The imagery has connotations of a goddess like deity in full control of her own modes of viewing, a hectic lifestyle and the act of consuming on the move, her many arms each holding a different symbol of technology, the image of technological abundance and the message being that universal control now resides at the site of a single person, and not beamed at a passive individual, who had to adhere to scheduling etc. With such centrality of the controlling and consuming individual it is small wonder that public modes of viewing is falling out of favour as the sole exhibitor of new film texts. But if there is to be a cinematic hope it will be in Camerons Avatar, This film is perhaps as seminal as Jaws was in 1975. Camerons utilization of the reborn phenomenon of 3D, twinned with relentless synergistic marketing may bring the long lost youth audience back to cinemas to revel in the spectacle of cinema, and may take public viewing back to its main purpose, to view film, in a truly immersive panoramic sense, imparting the audience with a sense of being part of a film community. Rather than what the multiplex has been reduced to for many years, which is a social event and the film itself is of little interest to the individual watching it. Camerons use of 3D and large vistas makes Avatar a difficult text to transfer to TV or the private sphere as a whole. So there may be hope for the fans of watching film on the big screen. Furthermore the plot of Avatar has allowed Cameron limitless possibilities for ancillary rights to be utilized. The Avatar website encourages fandom on a m ass scale: video games, cast and crew interviews, videos and toys for sale to name but a few. This sort of business practice is significant as it typifies modern modes of film following, many production companies produce films that endeavour to ensnare audiences with these synergistic methods, and very rarely do they fail, providing such a deep level of insight into the film making process is a tactic adopted from the DVD format that many films now adhere to even before films are released, as it creates a pool of knowledge about the text which the spectators enjoy. Avatar has opened with incredible success. But due to many of the above discussed points, Avatar will not be representative of a trend returning back to public viewing modes, the hype was created and paid off at the box office. In three days it has taken $158 Million. But with a budget close to 500 million Avatar has a long way to go, but many markets from which to make profit. It seems unlikely that cinema will not ever reach out to all ages in society again, nor the levels of constant attendance that previous decade had attained, but is this a tragedy? Through streamlined and privatised modes of consuming films, it has enhanced the publics knowledge and enjoyment of new and classic texts. Films are produced for the public so the public should have the flexibility and choice how, when and where they wish to interact with their favourite movies. Hollywood is certainly not dead but traditional modes of regular public viewing, certainly is. 3095. References Klinger, B. (2006) Beyond the multiplex: cinema, new technologies and the home, University of California Press (referenced twice) (fig 1)

Adolescent Case Study Essay -- essays research papers

Adolescent Case Study I. Identification A. Kathy Johnson is a 14 year old female, a freshman at Parkway High School, and resides at 789 Parkview Way, Bossier City, LA 70000. II. History of Family A. The subject lives with her biological mother and stepfather. The child's biological father resides in Bossier City as well, but he has not maintained a relationship with the child since he divorced her mother in 1981. The child also has a brother who lives out of state and has no relationship or contact with him either. B. The subject comes from an upper middle class family. Her stepfather is a high school graduate and owns his own construction business. Her mother is a homemaker and quit school during her sophomore year. C. The subject and her family live in Southern Gardens, a small subdivision in Bossier City. The family, for the most part, keeps to themselves and does not have any close, personal associations. The few associates they have are business colleagues and people from their church groups. D. The stepfather is a relatively healthy male, approximately 6'1" tall, dark brown hair, brown eyes, weighs around 200 pounds and has no known physical illness. The mother is 5'4" tall, blonde hair, brown eyes and has noticeable symptoms of depression and a significant drinking problem. Presently she is in good overall physical health. E. Most of the family's interest revolves around the subject's athletic activities such as baseball and church related activities such as Sunday services and youth centered groups. F. The family attends a full gospel, nondenominational church on a regular basis. Their political views are primarily democratic. G. The family is of Italian descent and somewhat antisocial. They rarely see anyone on a personal basis and have no close personal friends. III. History of the Case A. The subject is approximately 5'5" tal... ...ubject is suffering from physical and emotional neglect from her parents resulting in depression, low self esteem, aggressive tendencies, and bouts of hypochondria. V. Recommendations My recommendations would be to remove the subject from the abusive situation by placing her in a temporary foster home and to require her parents to undergo a full psychiatric evaluation. She should remain in the foster home until her mother undergoes and successfully completes an alcohol rehabilitation program and receives counseling for the physical and emotional abuse which she has endured. The stepfather should be required to stay away from the subject and her mother until he undergoes counseling and no longer exhibits signs of aggressive and abusive behavior. Other recommendations for the subject would be to prescribe antidepressants combined with group support with other adolescents suffering similar situations and problems. Her aggressive tendencies and low self esteem need to be addressed by placing her in a loving and emotionally stable and supportive household where she would be allowed to experience some freedom from the emotional burden of having to run a household virtually by herself.

Resistance of a Wire †Triple Science Essay

I also will be measuring the wire using a meter ruler and will be keeping the temperature down by keeping the power pack level at 2volts. Apparatus 1. 1 Metre Ruler 2. 1 Power Pack 3. Sellotape 4. Variable Resistor 5. Ammeter 6. Voltmeter 7. Constantan wire Method I connected my circuit together as shown in the diagram above. I attached the wire to the meter ruler using pins. As I carried on doing the experiment I adjusted some of the wires to make sure everything was correct and in place. Steps: 1. Adjust one metre length of constantan wire onto the metre ruler, and added the pins. 2. Adjust and connect all the wires together 3. Turning on the power pack. The voltage and current are then read off the ammeter and voltmeter 4. The power supply then turned off, and the crocodile clip moved to the next position I counted the seconds of how long the power pack was on for to test for the investigation, my partner then read the results, and wrote it down, while I moved the clip to the next position. I double checked my results, making sure I was close to the true value, so I had no outliers. Results. When doing my experiment on the different lengths of the wire, I double checked everything, to ensure that everything was correct, and there was no in-corrections. I recorded my results in the table below: Length (cm) Voltage (V) Current (I) Resistance (a ¦) Voltage (V) Current (I) Resistance (a ¦) Voltage (V) Current (I) Resistance (a ¦) 1I saw that I had no outliers. I then calculated the means of the voltage, current and then from that calculated the resistance (V/I). R1 R2 R3 Mean Range From the tests and my graph, I acknowledged that the longer the wire, the larger the resistance. My graph gives a positive correlation. When I doubled the length of the wire, the resistance also doubled, for example, when the wire was 10cm, the resistance was 0. 15 (a ¦), When the wire is 20cm, the resistance was 0. 31cm. Therefore, the fact that the resistance increases with the length, I have gathered that the longer the piece of the wire, the further the electrons have to travel, which means there are more ions for the electrons to bump into, so when the length of the wire doubles, the more ions there are for the electrons to bump into, which makes the resistance increase. As the length increases, the resistance of the current increases because the current has further to go through in the wire, thus it has to go past more stationary atoms, which cause more collisions, and therefore there is more resistance. However, I believe that my results are reasonably reliable, because i repeated my experiment twice, and i double checked my calculations for the mean. My line on the graph, were mainly on the best line of fit. Fair Test To ensure that my tests and results were fair, I had to keep variable the same. The variables that I had to keep the same where the temperature of the wire, due to the face that the wire gained more thermal energy as the ions began to vibrate (This would sometimes become a problem when the wire was ‘10cm’, because the wire was not as long.) However it seemed to be fine, which was expected because I chose ‘constantan’, which is proven to have a very low temperature increase. Another factor that I had to keep the same is the material of the wire because depending on the material, each material conducts different amounts of heat, which would affect the resistance. Reliability To make sure that my readings were all reliable, I had to double check and repeat my experiment again, so that I could spot any errors in my results. Using the wide range of lengths from 10cm to 1 metre allowed me to get a good range of results so that I could make a good conclusion. Accuracy To make sure that my test was accurate, I had to control the various procedures of the tests. One way in which I did this, was to measure the length of the constantan. The reason why I did this is to make sure that all my tests were accurate, and that my results would be close to the true value, or at least reliable. Safety To make sure that all the tests are done safely, the power pack settings will be under 5 volts, so that the constantan wire will not get too hot and burn. If I did not take this safety measure into consideration then it could damage and affect the experiment, and give un-reliable results. Also all bags and outdoor clothing will be away from the experiment, in case any heat causes any accidents. Evaluation At the start of the investigation, I don’t believe that I started off to well, as I was behind the rest of my peers, because my partner and I was a bit confused. However, when I understood what I was doing, I soon caught up, and was off to a flying start. The length investigations went very smoothly. I did find that sometimes, it was quite difficult to be accurate with whether the tip of the crocodile clip was exactly on the measurement I wanted, because it would make around etc. One way I could have made sure that I was doing this accurately, was to make sure I pinpointed, If I had ensured this, I would have got more accurate readings, and much more precise measurements. Copper Atoms Electrons 3rd Test 2nd Test 1st Test Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

The mass media Essay Example

The mass media Essay Example The mass media Essay The mass media Essay In my presentation I want to deal with these questions. One fact is that the sphere of influence of media is spreading out. But does the increasing offer of information really gives us a more varied spectrum of opinions or has the flooding of news rather a degenerated and stun effect on our opinion. Is independent and critical journalism always possible at all?  The mass media is often called the mouthpiece of public opinion. This is again essential for social-political communication. Consequently the media can be seen as a producer of the general public. The quality of a democracy depends basically on the way how the society communicates, which means how the process of forming an opinion is carried out. The mass media are playing an essential role when forming an opinion in a democracy.  The word mass media includes all technical methods if multiplication and dissemination which produce the process of mass communication. This means in detail institutions like the press, radio and television.  And for most people these are the main sources of social information.  Therefore the media shall inform and create an quite exact image/copy of reality. But when we observe todays media, especially the yellow press we might come to the view that they carry some events to far and not very realistic. The notion of press freedom developed as a principle during the wave of democracy of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Some fundamental points are regulated through the basic constitutional law, that everyone has the right to express his opinion in public as long as it doesnt offend against the regulations for protection of the youth and the personal honour. Moreover has everyone the right to make a correction if something wrong was told. The philosophy behind that is that information about different opinions will or want to help us to find the truth. It guaranties control and correction because there is a mutual process of arguments and counterarguments. So we could ask if the mass media is the forth authority or do they only have the task to control? Maybe they are only a catalyst of interests.  We could describe the public forming of an opinion as a theatre in which the media is writing or maybe directing the play. But on the other hand we could say that they only perform the role as an stage owner who rents his stage for big money to interesting actors. A good example for this point of view is the BILD-Zeitung. Who dont know the famous and at the same time notorious Bildzeitung. It doesnt matter who you ask everyone knows this newspaper. They are working with big letters and much pictures. The publishing in such a way is founded in America. They are the pioneer of screaming and scare bannerlines. The headlines are designed with strong statements in an emotional background. Everything is personalized. In a more and more technical world they search for something personal and on the other hand they dont have to read so much because the information is already filtered in short articles. They want to attract the reader with emotional, scaring or shocking headlines or pictures. The more effect it has on the reader, the better it is. The actors in that play are public figures, athletes and politicians. The one who brings the highest circulation gets the biggest part of the side and it doesnt matter if they destroy/ruin a life as long as they sell their newspaper. And one important factor is almost not decisive: the truth. The behaviour of the media during the war in Iraq is frightened. They swamped us with information which were faked. They showed us scenes in which they bombed a city, but it was only an unoccupied house somewhere in the desert. Therefore the question comes up, when do we know that its the truth, that its real. Can we discover it at all And who are the persons which remove the stitches I dont know and I fear we will never know  When looking back in the history the main goal of communication is the understanding of every single individual. Through the development into the days of the internet , it is getting more and more difficult to reach a consensus within the society. The globalization of the communication increases the alienation of everyones as well as the communication determines everyones life. As a single person it is quite impossible to influence the global stream of communication or to keep them under control.  Especially when we hear what occurs in Italy, it might bring us to the opinion that even though we would like to change something we havent the power to do so. Because while some European lawmakers fret about Silvio Berlusconis conflict of interests, his government is pushing through legislation which will allow his business empire to take an even bigger chunk of Italys media. Berlusconi effectively controls 90 % of the Italian TV market via his family interests in private broadcaster Mediaset and his influence over state-broadcaster RAI in his capacity as Premier. His family holding company Fininvest controls the nations largest publishing company Mondadori and its biggest film distributor, Medusa, while his brother Paolo runs one of the countrys most widely sold newspaper, Il Giornale. Other family interests include an indirect stake in Telecom Italia and a host of other interests.  The size of Mr Berlusconis grip on business and political power prompted protests from left-wing members of the European Parliament last week when the Premier outlined Italys plans for its presidency of the European Union.  For the Berlusconis, expansion into other media areas is banned at present, but if the media bill becomes law, there will be no limit to the number of media any firm can own.  So who can defend against such a development? Its an objective fact that for example parties try to have an influence on the media.  Some people say that the institutions of the mass media are important to contemporary politics. But do they keep this opinion if this is all handled through one person?  In the West elections increasingly focus around television, with the emphasis on spin and marketing. Democratic politics places emphasis on the mass media as a site for democratic demand and the formation of public opinion. The media are seen to empower citizens, and subject government to restraint and redress. Yet the media are not just neutral observers but are political actors themselves.  Contrasting with this is a liberal tradition which sees the mass media as essential to the development of democracy. The mass media is seen, in this view, as helping to secure rights of citizenship by disseminating information and a pluralism of views.  By this process public opinion forms and influences government. The media are seen as essential to the operation of a public sphere of open debate. The press constituted a public sphere in which an open political debate could take place. But this is a fallacy if politicians control/manage the media.

Business Communication Trends

Business Communication Trends Free Online Research Papers Successful business communication is an important element in todays business. When lacking it, there can be little if any consistency among employees, management and consumers. In order to start the beginning of communication within the workplace, employers have to throw away their supervisory egos for an environment of honesty, support and teamwork. At my workplace while working with senior citizens, being able to talk in an appropriate way is a key factor. When giving information or answering questions to elderly people my coworkers and I have to be attentive and patient when explaining things in detail so then resident can identify with it. When caring for senior citizens my coworker and I have to be able to speak in a two channel model. When caring the elderly residents a person has to give directions and explain procedures or ideas in a reasonable way and get responses from the person listening to make sure the communication was understood. Change is an important necessity for a nursing home setting. Without sufficient adjustments to possible future situations, no business can optimize its future and accomplish achievements. Changes are essential in all systems, developments, techniques and individuals, mainly with top management and middle management. All employees play important roles in the renovation and facilitate activities. Each change course of action is unique to a business and its special situation. Interpersonal conflict is one of the most frequent conditions I will facade on a daily basis lives through our family, friends, and coworkers. Interpersonal conflict is habitually the consequences of unenthusiastic cognition or views. If a nurse who is working at the nursing home suffers from a leg injured, their behavior can turn into less welcoming to other people. If the nurse is helping a resident while in this situation, the senior citizen may see the nurse’s impatience directed to them, whereas the nurse’s anxiety was simply unintended and the resident received the incorrect thought or message completely. In a nursing home setting, nurses need to respect the resident’s individuality more than ever when they become more familiar to each other. The nurses should consider how the resident will feels before speaking and think more about take their requirements, viewpoint, morals and opportunities while living at the nursing home. When taking care of elderly residents, the most efficient type of communication from the nurse to resident is the words and the tone. Residents who live in the nursing home usually suffer from conditions such as Alzheimers Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Cancer. When a nurse or any staff is communicating with a senior citizen, they should be compassionate in their tone and language. The use of language within a business certainly involves the use of tone. When working at a business, tone goes together with communication, which affects consumers, patrons, and it controls the interaction with the employees. The tone when writing letters and notes or when attending meetings and seminars or even just making phone call or having a discussion with someone all play a essential part in the company’s function. When it comes to nurses or other staff, tones of gentle words in an senior citizen’s time of necessitate are what make tone serious in the business atmosphere. Communication is something that everyone does in all places. Even though everyone exchanges words it does not mean I will not always understand what everyone is saying by body language or by conversation. When working with different people, I will have diverse ways of thinking and see things in different ways. In a nursing home, residences have to be well taken care of and to do this nurses and other staff are obligated to be caring of all their needs with the experience and education they have inquired as well as their behavior and uniqueness and using the right language and tone. If nurses and other workers can do this with the highest standard of achievement when using language and tones, client approval will be better and the business will flourish as a completely. In my opinion if my coworker would focus more on resident care and less on drama, the job would be a good place to work. I know just about everywhere a person works it will be some form of drama. I just care not to be around it. Research Papers on Business Communication TrendsThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAW

The Invention and History of the Altimeter

The Invention and History of the Altimeter The altimeter is an instrument that measures vertical distance with respect to a reference level. It can give the altitude of the land surface above sea level or the altitude of an airplane over the ground. French physicist  Louis Paul Cailletet  invented the altimeter and the high-pressure manometer. Cailletet was the first to liquefy oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and air in 1877. He had been studying the composition of gases given off by iron in the blast furnace of his fathers ironworks. At the same time, Swiss physician Raoul-Pierre Pictet liquefied oxygen using another method. Cailletet had an interest in aeronautics, which led to developing an altimeter to measure the altitude of an airplane. Version 2.0 AKA the  Kollsman Window In 1928, a German-American inventor named Paul Kollsman changed the world of  aviation with the invention of the worlds first accurate barometric altimeter, which was also called the â€Å"Kollsman Window.† His altimeter converted barometric pressure into the distance above sea level in feet. It even allowed pilots to fly blind. Kollsman was born in Germany, where he studied civil engineering. He emigrated to the United States in 1923 and worked in New York as a truck driver for Pioneer Instruments Co. He formed the Kollsman Instrument Company in 1928 when Pioneer didnt accept his design. He had then-Lieutenant Jimmy Doolittle conduct a test flight with the altimeter in 1929 and was eventually able to sell them to the United States Navy. Kollsman sold his company to the Square D Company in 1940 for four million dollars. The Kollsman Instrument Company eventually became a division of Sun Chemical Corporation. Kollsman also went on to file hundreds of other patents, including those for converting salt water into fresh water and for a slip-resistant bathroom surface. He even owned one of the earliest ski areas in the United States, Snow Valley in Vermont. He married actress Baroness Julie Luli Deste and purchased The Enchanted Hill estate in Beverly Hills. The Radio Altimeter   Lloyd Espenschied invented the first radio altimeter in 1924.  Espenschied was a native of St. Louis, Missouri who graduated from the Pratt Institute with a degree in electrical engineering. He was interested in wireless and radio communications and worked for telephone and telegraph companies. He eventually became the director of high-frequency transmission development at Bell Telephone Laboratories.   The principle  behind how it works involves monitoring a beam of radio waves transmitted by an aircraft and their time to return as reflected from the ground to calculate altitude above the ground. The radio altimeter differs from the barometric altimeter in showing altitude above the ground below rather than above sea level. That is a critical difference for improved flight safety. In 1938, the FM radio altimeter was first demonstrated in New York by Bell Labs. In the first public display of the device, radio signals were bounced off the ground to show pilots the altitude of an aircraft. Besides the altimeter, he was also the co-creator of the coaxial cable, an important component of television and long-distance telephone service. He held over 100 patents in communications technology.

The role of women in Japanese Theatre and the portrayal of Japanese Essay

The role of women in Japanese Theatre and the portrayal of Japanese women in western theatre - Essay Example This persona has been carried forward into the Western traditions of portrayals of Japanese females in popular theater which is typified in â€Å"Madame Butterflyâ€Å". The performance of female parts in most Japanese theater is done by male actors. This tradition in both the kabuki and the bunraki is still primarily maintained today. However, the performance of the gidayu is a tradition that has included female performers since the late 16th or early 17th century (Coaldrake, 1997, pp. 13). The performance of the gidayu is similar to the oral traditions of story telling in the Western traditions. However, it is done in a chanting voice that emotes action and the furtherance of the story through a combination of this chanting and of song. The skill of the performer is measured by how well she engages her audience and helps them visualize the play without an actual visual performance. The performance is accompanied by an instrument that is played by the artist. This tradition is part of the geisha traditions and artistries as well as those who are dedicated solely to this type of performance. Traditionally, The Edo period, running from 1603 to 1868 saw a great deal of restrictions in the activities of all people, but even more so for women. During the late Edo period there were attempts to try and suppress global influences that might subvert the Japanese heritage and traditions. One of these attempts was through the suppression of extravagances in art, which included the public performances by women (Coaldrake, 1997, pp. 12). These attempts, however, were largely unsuccessful as seen through the remaining existence of this type of performance in Japan. The onnagata are male performers who portray female parts in the kabuki. The origins of the all male kabuki as the only kabuki did not occur until the early 17th century when in 1629 females were prohibited from performing. Previous to this time all female

Blindness in the workforce and and its associated challenges Research Paper

Blindness in the workforce and and its associated challenges - Research Paper Example finition for visual impairment was explicitly qualified as â€Å"difficulty or inability to see words and letters in ordinary newspaper print even when wearing glasses or contact lenses† (The Lighthouse International, 201, par. 3). A collection of other statistics on employment of visually imparied persons are summarized below: Likewise, the average annual earnings of visually impaired people were noted to be lower by as much as 33% when compared with those earned by workers without disabilities ($22,106 versus $32,870) (The Lighthouse International, 2012, par. 5). These figures reveals that visually impaired and legally blind people exhibit lower employment rates and average annual incomes despite laws that protect them from being discriminated and prejudiced in the work setting. The study conducted by Malakpa (2007) has noted different impediments to employment and the challenges met by visually impaired and legally blind people are likewise discussed by Stephens (2007), Papakonstantinou and Papadopoulos (2010), and McCarthy (2003) in separate discourses. The impediments that were noted by Malakpa (2007) for blind and visually impaired people include employers’ fears and doubts on hiring them and the lack of understanding for appropriate support to be accorded to them (Papakonstantinou & Papadopoulos, 2010). As emphasized by Stephens (2007), â€Å"the lack of information employers have about adaptive and assistive technologies and techniques†¦(indicated) that employers ‘feared blindness’† (p. 22). On the points of views of the visually impaired, Malakpa (2007) averred that â€Å"job acquisition for the blind and visually impaired is impeded frequently by a lack of knowledge regarding prospects, possibilities, training options, and procedures for search and application† (p. 55). Thus, impediments are eminent from both the perspectives of the blind applicants and those of the potential employers in terms of accuracy and availability of information that would

3A-Business Preparedness Plan Report #intro only Essay

3A-Business Preparedness Plan Report #intro only - Essay Example In order to safe-guard the organization against future hazards, this report illustrates to the management major problems that will be faced by Toronto Aquarium in case of any further oil-spill. These include exposure of aquarium’s animals and fishes to lethal effects of oil-spill, contamination of drinking water flows, and oil, itself being highly flammable which presents a huge safety hazard for the public. Moreover, in case of such disaster, company will be forced to experience complete business shut-down. The report progresses in proposing a Business Preparedness Plan with tools handling hazard-specific impacts. It will explain in detail, through a model preparation plan, effective ways to tackle future spills or leaks, preventing disasters and plans to recover departments, staff and people who may get affected after a substantial loss. These include handling emergency shifting of animals and fishes during crisis via effective transportation system, assessment of the costs involved in this process, raising admission fee to increase overall company funds, training employees to shut-down the water pipes during oil-spill disaster to avoid contamination, planning for steps to raise public awareness regarding preserving environment and company’s policy of no-smoking in the aquarium and lastly implementation of these

CPS Conservatorship Worker Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CPS Conservatorship Worker - Personal Statement Example The author of the paper states that the ability to change the society and protect the rights of the children is essential and fits adequately with his moral and professional requirements. The researcher ‘s Bachelor Degree of Social Science in Criminology has prepared him to deal analytically with complex issues and to approach various problems in different methods. The author’s studies equipped him with excellent investigative skills and communication skills due to numerous group works and class participation. His previous employment as an Office Assistant prepared him professionally on how to deal with demanding schedules while maintaining healthy working relationships. Additionally, the author worked as a teller where his computer skills were improved significantly. The researcher will increase efficiency by dedicating resources to the intended course of the agency. The author’s investigative skills will enable him to close numerous cases at the stipulated time while his interpersonal skills will be aimed at developing more intimate employee relationships so that they can work on a common agenda. The researcher also seeks to develop a successful career with DFPS while achieving excellent children care and changing society by ensuring that children are socialized in favorable environments.

Executive Briefing Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Executive Briefing Paper - Essay Example A mentor can be one of employees with vast experience (in-house) or might hire a professional hired from outside the company (external) to provide guidance to employees of an organization (Lord, Atkinson, and Mitchell 2008, 16-17). Regardless of the type of mentor used, both act as role models to the employees of an organization by providing them with professional advice and guidance through which they can improve in their line of work. Research indicates that the mentorship in an organization has many benefits attached to it, which is why many organizations are eager at developing the culture. Costa Coffee is one of the U.K. companies that may benefit greatly by adopting such a culture following its number of employees who require more training for the ever-expanding business outlets that offer more challenging environment which require a high level of professionalism. This paper is an executive briefing to the management of Costa Coffee on the benefits likely to accrue to the company by adopting a mentoring culture. As earlier stated, many companies are making moves towards developing a mentoring culture within the organization. This company does so because they have realized the numerous benefits that are attached to mentoring culture according to Spencer (1999, p.8-10). Firstly, mentoring is beneficial since it is a cost effective means of training many employees so as to improve their experience. This is particularly beneficial for Costa Coffee, which has many employees spread from different stores that may require more training so as to improve them professionally (Dana 2010, p.8). The method is cost effective in the Costa Coffee will not have to send its employees for a seminar or training workshop to get training. Instead, the company can have the option of choosing a mentor from within who may be an employee with a wealth of experience in line with the area that requires more training (Lord, Atkinson, and Mitchell 2008, 16-17). Alternatively, Costa

Chicano Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chicano Movement - Essay Example Luis Valdez was a Mexican American who hailed from a family of migrant farm workers. Valdez’s parents, Francisco and Armida Valdez, moved from farm to farm as hired hands where Valdez was also expected to help out in order the support to the big family of 10 children that his parents had. Even though Valdez was expected to both work and read and his schools kept changing, Valdez attained a strong position for himself as a student excelling in performing arts (Meier, 230). Luis Valdez is the father of Chicano Theatre. This is because he formed the El Teatro Campesino which served as the first platform for performing arts for the Chicano Movement. Valdez’s love for the performing arts began when his school teacher introduced him to puppet art. Later during his college and university days, Valdez pursued the love and created his own theatre group. The purpose of this theatre group was to bring the plight of the Mexican Americans to the forefront. Valdez began working in theatre during his college days at San Jose State College. In 1963, he introduced his first play. The Shrunken Head of Pancho Villa was one play that Valdez directed and wrote during his time in San Jose State College. After leaving college, Valdez went on to join a Mime Troupe based in San Francisco. It was from here that Valdez learned the method of using theatre as a platform for expressing his own pent up anger. It was on the basis of this work that Valdez formed his theatre group in 1965. This was a group that toured different cities and enacted short one-act plays, also known as an actor.

CPS Conservatorship Worker Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CPS Conservatorship Worker - Personal Statement Example The author of the paper states that the ability to change the society and protect the rights of the children is essential and fits adequately with his moral and professional requirements. The researcher ‘s Bachelor Degree of Social Science in Criminology has prepared him to deal analytically with complex issues and to approach various problems in different methods. The author’s studies equipped him with excellent investigative skills and communication skills due to numerous group works and class participation. His previous employment as an Office Assistant prepared him professionally on how to deal with demanding schedules while maintaining healthy working relationships. Additionally, the author worked as a teller where his computer skills were improved significantly. The researcher will increase efficiency by dedicating resources to the intended course of the agency. The author’s investigative skills will enable him to close numerous cases at the stipulated time while his interpersonal skills will be aimed at developing more intimate employee relationships so that they can work on a common agenda. The researcher also seeks to develop a successful career with DFPS while achieving excellent children care and changing society by ensuring that children are socialized in favorable environments.

Chicano Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chicano Movement - Essay Example Luis Valdez was a Mexican American who hailed from a family of migrant farm workers. Valdez’s parents, Francisco and Armida Valdez, moved from farm to farm as hired hands where Valdez was also expected to help out in order the support to the big family of 10 children that his parents had. Even though Valdez was expected to both work and read and his schools kept changing, Valdez attained a strong position for himself as a student excelling in performing arts (Meier, 230). Luis Valdez is the father of Chicano Theatre. This is because he formed the El Teatro Campesino which served as the first platform for performing arts for the Chicano Movement. Valdez’s love for the performing arts began when his school teacher introduced him to puppet art. Later during his college and university days, Valdez pursued the love and created his own theatre group. The purpose of this theatre group was to bring the plight of the Mexican Americans to the forefront. Valdez began working in theatre during his college days at San Jose State College. In 1963, he introduced his first play. The Shrunken Head of Pancho Villa was one play that Valdez directed and wrote during his time in San Jose State College. After leaving college, Valdez went on to join a Mime Troupe based in San Francisco. It was from here that Valdez learned the method of using theatre as a platform for expressing his own pent up anger. It was on the basis of this work that Valdez formed his theatre group in 1965. This was a group that toured different cities and enacted short one-act plays, also known as an actor.

An Investigation Into the Mental Health and Substance Abuse Among Veterans Essay Example for Free

An Investigation Into the Mental Health and Substance Abuse Among Veterans Essay Introduction There are numerous issues facing American veterans returning home from war, both past and present. They are taught how to transform themselves into different people who are better adept at performing under severe war-zone stressors. They are prepared physically and sometimes mentally for what they will be entering into on foreign territory but not often enough for the challenge of re-entering civilian life. Soldiers are falling through the cracks in our system upon returning home, shown through an increase in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse among veterans. Two theories that I will be exploring in this paper are Conflict Theory and Phenomenology Theory. There is more conflict everyday over what our troops should be doing and why. Any doubt of following the path to become a soldier is critiqued as going against the protection of our country, yet once they come out the other end of this journey the supported soldier is gone and in its place is either the glorified hero or sympathized victim. The phenomena of PTSD can create confusion for everyone involved. There is rarely a great understanding of a soldier’s mind and how it interprets their experiences into reactions after war. These experiences have a real effect on their lives and how they care and handle themselves after war. The way society has constructed what a soldier should represent does not include asking for help and makes them appear weak when if they show vulnerability. This issue is important because even today with easier access to treatment, many veterans today won’t or can’t seek out help. To many it is easier to turn to substance abuse to self-medicate and erase confusion from past experiences. Book Examination In the book Fields of Combat, stories are told of how soldiers are trained to kill and understand that to be a true soldier you must accept you own death. Author Erin Finley describes what it is like for soldiers who came home and developed PTSD, and puts their experiences into a social and cultural perspective. She paints a portrait of PTSD to reveal to readers that there is no comprehensive way to understand or experience it. â€Å"As an anthropologist, I find the web of tangled arguments over PTSD fascinating because these conflicts are in many ways about the nature of war-related suffering itself† (Finley, 2011). She describes how to understand PTSD, we must listen to the experience and concerns of the veterans before we can begin to help them. Theory Exploration The Conflict Theory can be applied to many aspects of a veteran’s life, the individual, their families, communities, and organizations around them. These troops return home without knowing how to integrate back into society. The families who should be overjoyed about the safe return of one of their members are displaced without having proper resources to help their loved ones mental health. They are not given the same stress and trauma training the soldiers is given, nor do they know of the experiences causing change in the soldier. There is not often enough knowledge available to the family of what it will be like for the family to have a soldier return home and can be caught off guard by what the soldier will experience upon return. Communities are affected by having one of their members experiencing side effects of war form attempting to re-enter the work force to social events and even the death of such troops of veterans. There is much debate about how war is handled in t he United States. It is generally agreed upon that protection of American citizens is of importance, but from there on out there is little agreement among groups. When thinking about this debate I cannot help but recall driving up to an intersection in my hometown and seeing picketers on either side of the street. Pro-war protesters held signs on one hand that said â€Å"FREEDOM IS NOT FREE† while anti-war protesters fought back with signs that reminded drivers of the ever-growing death toll of soldiers and civilians. Each side questioning the motives behind the other, from wasting America’s resources to question one’s loyalty to America. While these groups have different interests about sending our troops off to war, they should be able to come together when the troops return in order to offer services to help return to a life as normal as possible. From a Marxist view, veterans can be seen as an exploitation of the government by using the troops to their advantage and profit. While the troops are deployed the government basically owns them, but when they return they must often fend for their own mental and physical well-being. Capitalism has created a class division in this case. The bourgeoisie of our government sit back passively and brush off the symptoms of PTSD as a common experience expected after war. The most common symptoms of PTSD for veterans are thoughts of suicide, domestic violence, substance abuse and panic attacks. These symptoms would cause concern from anyone else but they are brushed under the rug for veterans because it is simply assumed that war experiences will have these kid of severe affects on those exposed. To critique the theory that a small elite group is responsible for deploying troops, we must acknowledge that many groups with similar interests come together to enable war to take place. Propaganda is imposed among society from interest groups on either side of the fence on war. Troops do not simply decide to pack up and head overseas to kill people, nor are they currently forced into deployment; it is their choice to enlist. The people in higher government position who can declare war do not just wake up in that position, they are elected there by the people of this country knowing, for the most part, what views they stand behind. This theory is consistent with social works ethics because it represents the working class and wants to bring consciousness to those who hold power and how we can reduce conflict, ignorance, and inequality. Article Examination In the book, David Grossman tells readers how soldiers killing patterns have changed over time. During previous wars years ago soldiers were more reluctant to kill and fired their weapons more as a warning instead of a kill shot. The Army has since taken steps to increase the percentage of shorts fired to be directed at the actually enemy. Since it was shown to have be easier to get soldiers to kill from a distance instead of up close, machines were provided to allow for distance physically and mentally. The soldiers are basically be dehumanized to be better weapons to the government. He refers to this as Acquired Violence Immune Deficiency, where people have such a fear of what they are experience that their brain reverts to classical and operant condition, which the government has replaced by weakening the part of the soldier that does not want to kill and inserting the actions they prefer. Theory Exploration This action represents yet another way that higher ups are using soldiers as their own material resource, in context to the Conflict Theory. The exploitive subordination of soldiers allows the government to profit by actually influencing how the soldiers think. The government understands that changing the social behavior of a soldier will lead to more power over them and their actions. This theory would show clear winners being the government who benefits from soldiers subordination and the soldiers who suffer. In contrast, you cannot presume that every action the ruling government takes over soldiers is for their benefit alone. The actions, while not always moral, are taken to protect the entire country. Treatment is provided for returning soldiers, even if it is not know or easily accessible to all. The emphasis is not solely social control but consensus and conformity. To go to war is a decision made by different group, not only elites, and a general agreement must be reached before actions are taken with soldiers or deployment. Soldiers are not forced into employment; they conform to the position because their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors are similar to those around them in the Army. Article Examination In the article by David Zucchino, it tells about a soldier who opened fire from his home without warning because he felt he was under attack. This event took place after he received inadequate treatment for PTSD after being diagnosed at â€Å"high risk† for the disease. He was sent to a prison that did not offer him any further treatment for PTSD since they were not affiliated with the military. He is one of the many veterans that has not being given proper treatment after being diagnosed to be at rick for PTSD and ending up in civilian prison where they cannot access further help. He is now left in prison where his symptoms and condition will only worsen. Theory Exploration From the Phenomenology standpoint we would look at expectations of his experience to understand and describe this phenomena. Looking at what appears to be instead of reality, his subjective experiences show emotions he is not fully aware of. His actions, like those of other veterans, stem directly from past and present sensory experiences and cannot defined the same way for each person. The appearance of returning veterans is seen as this joyous moment where they step off a plane in to the loving arms of family and are then forgotten about by most of the culture. Families and communities are left to deal with the veteran’s actions without knowing the driving forces behind their appearance of their actions. The government sees what it wants to see and transfers that to the public. We are shown this ideal soldier who is deployed to protect us and comes home a hero, which our consciousness retained as a singular memory of a soldier. That is what society wants to believe about war because our consciousness does not want to identify killing, death, and destruction with our freedom or it would not be as easy to ship off members of our own community to their impending death. Once they return they are given a pat on the back for a job well done and turned over with the intention of re-entering a community as a normal member once again. We define the content of our consciousness as making this place, America, better by using an object, the soldier, to do so. â€Å"Central Prison has done a good job of treating Eisenhauer’s physical wounds† (Zucchino, 2012). We treat what we can see, but leave what we do not understand unattended. In this theory we can only see one side of the situation at a time, and we are stuck on this glorified soldier but cannot combine with him the vulnerability and confusion he returns home with. In critique to this theory, there are things outside of our memory and consciousness that do exist. Just because we cannot fully grasp what is happening to these veterans does not mean that it is not happening. They are sent essentially sent to another world to deal with hardships and are thrown back into reality without being reprogrammed. There are not always theoretical structures that will allow us to understand the phenomena of what the veterans will go through. References Carter, A. C., Capone , C., Eaton Short, E. (2011). Co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders in veteran populations. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 7(4), 285-299. Finley, E. P. (2011). Fields of combat: Understanding PTSD among veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Grossman, D. (2009). On killing: The psychological cost of learning to kill in war and society. New York: Back Bay Books. Levinson, N. (2012). What really happened to america’s soldier, The Nation. Retrieved November 20, 2012 from http://www.thenation.com/article/168652/what-has-really-happened-americas-soldiers# Litz, B., Orsillo, S. M. (2010). Iraq war clinician guide . (pp. 21-32). Department of Veteran Affairs. Retrieved December 1, 2012 from http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/manuals/manual-pdf/iwcg/iraq_clinician_guide_ch_3.pdf Stecker, T. (2011). 5 Survivors: Personal stories of healing from PTSD and traumatic events. Center City: Hazelden Foundation. Zucchino, D. (2012, June 24). Accused soldier is a prisoner to ptsd; believing he was under attack by insurgents, he started firing from his home. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on December 1, 2012 from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.uvm.edu/docview/1021854523/13AE8FF837D23A623BE/7?accountid=14679

Living And Just Being Alive

Living And Just Being Alive Is there a difference between living and just being alive. And is it ever morally okay for a life to be ended. Physician Assisted Death can be broken down into two categories; Active Euthanasia and Passive Euthanasia. Active Euthanasia is defined as the active acceleration of a good death by use of drugs etc, whether by oneself or with the aid of a doctor. (Medterms) Passive Euthanasia is defined as a form of euthanasia in which medical treatment that will keep a dying patient alive for a time is withdrawn. (Medterms) Euthanasia is an ethical issue that has been in question for a long time. It is currently legal in some parts of the United Kingdom and in the United States it is only legal in Oregon. Moral philosopher James Rachels did many writings on his view of Active and Passive Euthanasia as well as writings on Moral Philosophy. This paper will view Rachels opinions and my response to what he thinks. In James Rachels writing, The End of a Life, he begins by telling the story of Hans Florian and his wife. Mrs. Florian has Alzheimers disease and slowly but surely her brain began to deteriorate and she began to lose control of her motor skills and other body functions. She got to the point where Mr. Florian needed to put her into a nursing home for her own safety. Mr. Florian shot her dead instead, to keep her from suffering any longer. James Rachels then goes on to play the devils advocate. Was it wrong for Mr. Florian to have killed his wife? (Rachels, The End of a Life) He was found not guilty legally, but still, was it immoral? He purposely killed an innocent human being and according to our moral traditions, that is always wrong. This traditions comes mostly from the Christian teachings. They believe that every human life is sacred because each one is in the image of god. So killing somebody, no matter how sick etc, is bad in the eye of God (Rachels, The End of a Life). Other t raditional views believe that sometime killing a human is justified, depending on whether or not the human is innocent. Capital punishment, for example, are sanctioned because the person who is being killed is not innocent (Rachels, The End of a Life). The most interesting of the traditions, according to Rachels, is the distinction between killing people or letting them die. On this view, even though killing innocent people is forbidden, sometimes, letting them die is allowed. James Rachels then offers an alternative view. There is a big difference between having a life and simply being alive (Rachels, The End of a Life). Being alive in the biological sense, is relatively unimportant. Ones life, by contrast is immensely important; it is the sum of ones aspirations, decisions, activities, projects, and human relationships. (Rachels, The End of a Life) From his moral point of view, it is the protection of the lives that is important and because most humans do have lives, killing them is wrong. Yet, some humans who are unfortunate, such as Mrs. Florian, are alive, but they dont have lives. This makes killing them a different matter, morally. If the life, in the biographical sense, is not being destroyed or adversely affected, the rule against killing offers no objection (Rachels, The End of a Life). In the case of Mrs. Florian, although she was still alive, her life was already over when her husband decided to shoot her. He didnt destroy her life, Alzheimers disease already did that. In which case, Hans Florian did not behave immorally. This alternative approach of Rachels sees being moral as a matter of doing what is best for somebody who will be affected by our actions rather than being a matter of faithfulness to rules or laws. If we should not kill, it should be because in killing somebody is it harming them. In another of rachels writings called Active and Passive Euthanasia, Rachel challenges the conventional doctrine that says Passive is sometimes permissible, but active is always forbidden. He puts up many arguments but the one he focuses most on is when he said that in many cases, active euthanasia is more human than passive euthanasia in many cases (Rachels). Rachel then focuses in deeply on his first point. What if there is a patient dying of a incurable disease and is in terrible pain. He is definitely going to die within a few days even if treatments continue, but he doesnt want to go on living because the pain is so unbearable. Suppose the doctor agrees to withhold the treatment like the conventional doctrine says he can. Yet, if he simply withholds treatment, it may take longer for this patient to die which would actually make him suffer more than if more direct actions were taken and he was given a lethal injection. His point being, that the process of being allowed to die can be very slow and painful compared to being given a lethal injection that is relatively quick and painless. I absolutely agree with James Rachels in every aspect. To start, when Rachel says that there is a difference between living and being a life, I believe that is absolutely right. One can be alive without actually living. If a teenager gets into a car accident and becomes brain dead from head trauma, no doubt he is alive, but never again will he get to experience the things normal kids should get to. Hell never get to go to prom, graduate high school, get married, have kids, he will be stuck in this vegetable like state, hell never actually live. Likewise, I also fully agree on his stance on whether or not it is ever morally okay to end a life. I believe that in certain cases, when you have a person that is terminally ill and has absolutely no chance of getting better even if care is continued, that person should have the right to end their lives. Or like in the case of Mrs. Florian or the brain-dead teenager, family should be able to make that decision as long as no harm will be done to the victim. Lastly, I believe in many cases, active euthanasia is much better than passive. If passive euthanasia is going to cause extreme pain, it would make much more sense to give them a lethal injection that will quickly and painlessly end their suffering. I believe no person in that state should have to suffer if there is a way to end it. In conclusion, there is a difference between being a live and just living, in certain cases it is morally okay to end a life and in many cases active euthanasia is more humane than passive euthanasia. James Rachels makes many good arguments to all aspects of these topics. Rachels, James. Active and Passive Euthanasia. QCC. N.P. 9 January 1975. Web. 17 April 2013. Rachels, James. The End of Life. James Rachels. N.P. 1986. Web. 17 April 2013.

The Life of Charles Dickens :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Life of Charles Dickens One of the most remarkable men was born on February 7, 1812: Charles Dickens. Charles Dickens had a talent in the field of writing that was unlike that of any other man in his time. He had a gift that he shared with the rest of the world, a gift that has survived for decades Charles Dickens was an extraordinary person with an extraordinary life. He was born to John and Elizabeth Dickens (www.perruweb.com/Dickens/second.html ). His child hood was not that of a fortunate child. His parents were not the best parents a child could have. They loved the extraordinary life and they loved to have fun. They put to much importance in their social life and neglected their children often. John and Elizabeth had eight children including Charles (Charles Dickens, p. 129). Because of their expensive social life and their eight children, John and Elizabeth were at the brink of financial bankruptcy. They were forced to move to a new house because they could no longer afford the house that they were living in. Their once glamorous and expensive life was gone. Now they were no more then common people. An education was provided for Charles, but his education never reached college. Charles’s parents never provided a college education for Charles. Because o f their financial issues, John and Elizabeth could only afford to send one of their children to college: They picked Fanny. Fanny had a gift for music and so her parent wanted her to expand on it (www.perruweb.com/Dickens/third.html). Charles only had one dream to begin with. He dreamed of becoming a gentleman, but unfortunately these dreams were killed when his father was arrested in 1824 for failure to pay his debts. John was sent to Marshalsea prison for this crime. Charles was now forced to work at a shoe-polish factory because of all of this. The next year his father was released from jail, but Charles’s dreams of becoming a gentleman were dead (Charles Dickens, p.128). On 1830 Charles met Maria Beadnell, but unfortunately this affair only lasted for three years. This was more of a sexual relationship then a romance. Maria was never serious about Charles. She â€Å"kept him for a while in suspense and then dismissed him with casual thoughtlessness†(A Pitkin Guide, p.

Egyptian Mummification: It’s History, Purpose, and Process Essays

Egyptian Mummification: It’s History, Purpose, and Process The history and tradition of Egypt is one of the most greatly studied and admired of all past world civilizations. The lure of the pyramids and the specter of the sphinx have led many archeologists to dedicate his/her life to unraveling the mysteries of ancient Egyptian culture. Arguably, the most captivating aspect of Egypt’s past is that of mummification. Why did the Egyptians mummify their dead? What beliefs did the Egyptians have regarding the after life? What portion of the Egyptian civilization was mummified? What was the Book of the Dead? This is a mere sampling of the questions that come to my mind when I think of ancient Egyptian culture. I hope to lay forth answers to these questions and many more in the following pages dedicated to the history and purpose behind Egyptian mummification. Mummification, with its long, storied history, has allowed archeologists to peer into the daily lives and beliefs of ancient Egyptian middle-class and royalty. The practice of mummification by the Egyptians seems to have started sometime before 3100 BC. However, lack of written evidence or significant physical proof from this Predynastic period is available to either confirm or deny this. One of the oldest surviving mummies is Ginger, currently stored at the British Museum. Ginger was buried in a shallow grave and wrapped only in light cloth but due to the hot, dry desert he survived intact to discovery in the late 19th century (Andrews 5). Ginger’s name comes from the color of his hair, fragments of which are still attached to his body. Evidence from his discovery supports the belief that even at this early age the Egyptians believed in the afterlife. Tools and pottery we... ...ould be very thankful to the Egyptian people for leaving us this gift, which paints for us such a clear picture of their legacy. Works Cited Aldred, Cyril. The Egyptians. New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 1984. Andrews, Carol. Egyptian Mummies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1984. Budge, E.A. Wallis. The Mummy: A Handbook of Egyptian Funerary Archaeology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: University Press, 1925. Casson, Lionel. Ancient Egypt. New York: Time Incorporated, 1965. Editors of Time-Life Books. Egypt: Land of the Pharaohs. Alexandria: Time-Life Books, 1992. El Mahdy, Christine. Mummies: Myth and Magic. New York: Thames and Hudson Inc., 1989. Montet, Pierre. Eternal Egypt. New York: The New American Library of World Literature, Inc., 1964. Peck, William H. Splendors of Ancient Egypt. Ann Arbor: University Lithoprinters, Inc.,1997.

Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing Essay

Identify a minimum of 3 major events (or influences) in the evolution of community and public health nursing and describe how each event led to advancement of the field. For each event, describe the following: Key health issues at the time Perspectives and goals of community and public health nursing Roles and functions of community and public health nursing Community and public health partnerships at the time Event or Influence: No Child Left Behind Act signed into law (2001). Key health issues Over 50% failure rates noted throughout several states in the United States (Education Week, 2011). Perspective/goals Guaranteeing the quality of public education for all children in the United States with measures to hold schools accountable for their student’s progress by expanding the role of standardized testing (Frontline, 2013) Role/functions School nurses are affected indirectly by the heightened emphasis on accountability for achievement in public education. They actively promote and support achievement for all students in specific ways and help to provide a safe school environment (Costante, C., 2006). Health partnerships School administrators and school nurses come together to promote the well being of all children thus, promoting healthy lifestyles in order to children to perform to the best of his or her ability in school. Ensuring immunizations are up to date as well as supporting preventive screening. How did this event (or influence) advance community and public health nursing? Communication between families and the school district with the help of  school nurses increased the awareness of the importance of health goals. Communication increased with student websites. Promoted school nurse (Advanced Practiced Nurse) with the skills to provide primary health care to children of all ages in schools, thus improving the health and well being of children and adolescences (Keeton, V., Soleimanpour, S., & Brindis, C., 2012). Event or Influence: Balance Budget Act of 1997 created a new program to enable states of offer health insurance to children of low-income and uninsured families. Key health issues Children of low-income were uninsured therefore not receiving proper medical care for health screenings and immunizations as well as treatment for diseases such as pediatric diabetes (Balance Budget Act, 1997). Perspective/goals Projected to achieve gross federal Medicaid savings of $17 billion over those next five years and $61.4 billion over the next ten years from signing (Schneider, A., 1997). Role/functions Public health nurses were seen as having a vital role to achieve improvements in the health and social conditions of the most vulnerable populations (Kulobok, P.A., Thatcher, E., Meszaros, P.S., 2012). Health partnerships Coordination with other public and private programs providing coverage for low-income children. Assistance in helping families enrolling children in such programs. How did this event (or influence) advance community and public health nursing? Although this act helped budget finances for health care coverage for children of low income, it also advanced networks to promote primary care and preventive health care services also brought change in Medicare reimbursement practices (Allender, J., Rector, C., & Warner, K.,2014). Event or Influence: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Act was passed (1974) Key health issues Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is defined by the CDC as â€Å"the sudden  death of an infant less than one year of age that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation is conducted, including a complete autopsy, examination of death scene and review of the clinical history.† Perspective/goals To understand the underlying causes and mechanisms of the syndrome and provide prevention methods to reduce the risks of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Role/functions The role of the community and public health nurse would be to promote education for prevention and support for those who have had a loss due to SIDS Health partnerships National Institute of Child Health and Human Development focuses on the need for community resources. Coming together to develop educational programs to help with understanding of SIDS, preventions as well as risks. How did this event (or influence) advance community and public health nursing? The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Act helped provide information to the community through research and help understand risk factors thus reducing the incidences.

Children and Adolescents with New-Onset Epilepsy

Children and adolescents with new-onset epilepsy Journal Article Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders in childhood, with a widespread rate of approximately 3-4 per 1,000. In the paper they explore parent’s perceptions of their child’s quality of life and the impact of the diagnosis on their family. It’s talking about how the parent’s and children’s lives get accustomed to everyday normal functioning activities. Whenever there is any emotional well-being, self-esteem, and physical changes with their condition due to the epilepsy. Data was collected as part of the Stand and New Antiepileptic drugs (SANAD) trial.SANAD compared clinical trial and cost-effectiveness of standard and new AEDs. SANAD recruited 2,437 patients (1,983 age older than 16 years; 454 children age between 5 and 16 years), with history of two or more definite unprovoked seizures in the previous year. Talks about the primary outcomes were time to treatment failure, and time to 12-month remission. Children from 8-15 years were asked to answer self-complete questionnaires annually and thereafter for 4 years for SANAD. The parents gave written consent to long-term follow-up. Parents were asked to complete questionnaires to assess their child’s quality of life.It talks about parents being affected by their child’s seizures at home or at family outings. How it can take a toll on everyday things they do. I agree that children with epilepsy (CWE) are more likely to have learning disabilities and to experience academic underachievement. Well I agree because it’s already hard for children to fit in at school and to try to focus is even harder. I agree with the finding that adolescence is a critical period for identity formation and peer group identification. Being an outcast from their peers is an important concern for adolescents.I agree because the adolescents can experience self-conscious, ashamed of their epilepsy, and secreti ve behavior. I agree with the finding that single parents have less support from other networks, may cause them to be more concerned about their child’s well-being. I agree because their only support is usually themselves, thereafter, it’s not easy raising and caring for a sick child. I agree with the argument that it is a seizure event, not a diagnosis of epilepsy that impacts on daily functioning. Because an epileptic attack is more traumatizing and over whelming for a child, then being told you have epilepsy.Which some adolescents don’t know what this means for them. Those who scored >13 are considered to be psychiatric morbidity. Children with new-onset epilepsy had significantly poorer for physical, emotional and friend’s domains. A recent study found children in the United Kingdom reported low levels of child well-being, despite relatively high levels of wealth, compared to children from other European countries. What I found interesting was that CW E should be assessed for psychosocial problems in the beginning so intervention can be done in time for no further damage with the child.Interventions aim to increase self-esteem. I believe these studies are great resources for the families of the epileptic children. It gives them more insight in their everyday functions in life. Without these kind of studies parents might be clueless to what could be happening to their child in school or even at home. It hard for the families of these adolescents to undergo these kinds of trials, but with all the information and support groups out there it can be very helpful for everyone. In conclusion I believe with more moral support and patience, much can be done for children with these special conditions.

Annual Report of Alto Metals Limited Free-Samples for Students

In your Evaluation of the Company’s Performance, you should take account of Relevant Information in the Annual Reports Explanations for the level of Profits generated from assets and how the level varied annually between 2014 and 2016. The overall assets of Alto Metals are mainly evaluated in the essay, where the company’s overall return on assets is being evaluated. The overall annual report of Alto Metals Limited is mainly identified as the most viable document, which depicts the financial position of the company. However, the company mainly aims in discovering and acquiring gold mines for improving its profitability mining company. The company also aims for searching uranium object, which could develop more uranium mining facilities. The company has mainly conducted projects for search new depicts and mining for gold. Moreover, the revenue of the company has mainly increased from 2014; however, a sudden decline was witnessed in 2016. The company does not have any kind of constant revenue, which could support its constant increase in expenditure. The overall return on assets of the company has mainly improved from 2013 to 2016. Where the first ROA was mainly at -11.39%, -44.04%, -97.04% and then in 2016 it reached to -25.82%. This overall return on assets has mainly depicted efficiency of the company to utilise its assets. In addition, the improvement of ROA is mainly identified during 2016, where a decline in retune on assets from -97.04% went to -25.82%. The improvement in return on asset is seen to increase by 73.4% in 2016 as compared to 2015. This mainly suggested that increased improvement depicted by ROA states the effective measures taken by the company to support its activities. Weygandt, Kimmel & Kieso (2015) stated that investors by using the return on assets could effective identify efficiency of the company to attain the required revenue by using the same capital. On the other hand, Damodaran (2016) criticises that ROA does not allow the investors to determine the risk associated with investment and only portray the level of revenue attained by deploying certain fixed assets. The three-asset category and one income statement category could be evaluated, before actually seeing the return on assets of the company. The asset class, which needs effective inspection, are cash, property, and inventories. The evaluation of these three categories is mainly essential by the investors before seeing the return on assets. In addition, the income statement that needs to be evaluated is the sale of goods and products.   The overall evaluation of cash, property, and inventories could mainly help the identifying the financial capability of the company. Vogel (2014) mentioned that evaluation of inventory could mainly allow the investor in identify the overall capital blockage in inventory store. On the other hand, Damodaran (2016) criticises that the evaluation of inventory does not allows the investor to detect the actual financial position; instead it helps in depicting ht cash generating capacity of the company. There is relevant different scale from 1-10, which could be used in valuing the overall return on assets of Alto Metals Limited. In addition, the return on assets of Alto Metals Limited is mainly at -25.82%, which could be rated in the scale of 1. This scale 1 mainly depicts that overall results of retune on assets is very unsatisfactory. This unsatisfactory outcome is mainly due to the negative ROA of Alto Metals Limit. The company has not being conducting any kind of sales from 2012 to 21016, which is mainly declining its ability to utilise its assets. In addition, relative decline in total assets could also be witnessed, which is due to the sales of asset conducted by the company during 2016 fiscal year (Vogel, 2014). There are relevantly no ratios, which could be identified from annual report of Alto Metals Limit in 2016. This financial information of the company has effectively reflected in the real world, as no revenue was generated from operations, which led to loss. The company effectively uses Accounting policies which is been laid down by AASB. There is not significant change in the overall accounting policies. Furthermore, the Director and CEO Reports mainly depict the loses, which is continuously incurred by the company due to non-commencement of adequate operations. There is no limitation of the financial statement of the company as, it complies with all the relevant accounting method, which is been depicted by the AASB (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2013). Brigham, E. F., & Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013).  Financial management: Theory & practice. Cengage Learning. Damodaran, A. (2016).  Damodaran on valuation: security analysis for investment and corporate finance  (Vol. 324). John Wiley & Sons. Deboeck, G., & Kohonen, T. (Eds.). (2013).  Visual explorations in finance: with self-organizing maps. Springer Science & Business Media. Overview, C., Secretary, D., Directory, C., Shareholders, T., Governance, C., & Information, I. et al. (2017).  Focus on gold exploration in Australia | WA Mining.  Gold Focussed WA Mining Exploration Company. Retrieved 29 April 2017, from https://altometals.com.au/ Vogel, H. L. (2014).  Entertainment industry economics: A guide for financial analysis. Cambridge University Press. Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2015).  Financial & Managerial Accounting . John Wiley & Sons.