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The History of Pi Essay Example

The History of Pi Essay Example The History of Pi Essay The History of Pi Essay Before I talk about the historical backdrop of Pi I need to clarify what Pi is. Websters Collegiate Dictionary characterizes Pi as 1: the sixteenth letter of the Greek letter set 2 a: the image pi indicating the proportion of the perimeter of a hover to its width b: the proportion itself: a supernatural number having an incentive to eight decimal spots of 3. 14159265 A number can be put into a few classifications dependent on its properties. Is it prime or composite? Is it nonexistent or genuine? Is it supernatural or logarithmic? These inquiries help characterize a numbers conduct in various circumstances. So as to comprehend where Pi fits in to the universe of arithmetic, one must comprehend a few of its properties pi is nonsensical and pi is supernatural. A normal number is one that can be communicated as the portion of two whole numbers. Sound numbers changed over into decimal documentation consistently rehash themselves some place in their digits. For instance, 3 is an objective number as it very well may be composed as 3/1 and in decimal documentation it is communicated with an endless measure of zeros to one side of the decimal point. 1/7 is additionally a sound number. Its decimal documentation is 0. 142857142857†¦, a redundancy of six digits. Nonetheless, the square foundation of 2 can't be composed as the part of two numbers and is thusly silly. For a long time before the real verification, mathematicians had imagined that pi was a nonsensical number. The main endeavor at a proof was by Johaan Heinrich Lambert in 1761. Through a mind boggling strategy he demonstrated that if x is discerning, tan(x) must be nonsensical. It follows that if tan(x) is discerning, x must be nonsensical. Since tan(pi/4)=1, pi/4 must be unreasonable; along these lines, pi must be nonsensical. Numerous individuals saw Lamberts evidence as too streamlined a response for such a perplexing and extensive issue. In 1794, in any case, A. M. Legendre found another confirmation which supported Lambert up. This new confirmation likewise ventured to demonstrate that Pi^2 was additionally nonsensical. In the long history of the number Pi, there have been numerous exciting bends in the road, numerous irregularities that mirror the state of humankind in general. Through each significant time of world history and in each territorial zone, the condition of scholarly idea, the condition of arithmetic, and consequently the province of Pi, has been directed by the equivalent financial and geographic powers as each other part of human progress. Coming up next is a concise history, composed by period and district, of the improvement of our comprehension of the number Pi. A supernatural number is one that can't be communicated as an answer of ax^n+bx^(n-1)+ +cx^0=0 where all coefficients are whole numbers and n is limited. For instance, x=sqrt(2), which is silly, can be communicated as x^2-2=0. This shows the square foundation of 2 is nontranscendental, or logarithmic. It is anything but difficult to demonstrate that a number isn't supernatural, yet it is amazingly hard to demonstrate that it is supernatural. This accomplishment was at long last achieved for Pi by Ferdinand von Lindemann in 1882. He put together his evidence with respect to crafted by two different mathematicians: Charles Hermite and Euler. In 1873, Hermite demonstrated that the steady e was supernatural. Joining this with Eulers well known condition e^(i*Pi)+1=0, Lindemann demonstrated that since e^x+1=0, x is required to be supernatural. Since it was acknowledged that I was mathematical, Pi must be supernatural so as to make i*Pi supernatural. Since I have clarified what Pi is and a few of its properties, lets take a gander at its history. In antiquated occasions, Pi was found autonomously by the primary human advancements to start agribusiness. Their new stationary way of life initially saved time for numerical contemplating, and the requirement for changeless safe house required the improvement of fundamental building abilities, which in numerous examples required an information on the connection between the square and the circle (generally fulfilled by finding a sensible estimate of Pi). Despite the fact that there are no enduring records of individual mathematicians from this period, antiquarians today realize the qualities utilized by some antiquated societies. Here is an examining of certain societies and the qualities that they utilized: Babylonians 3 1/8, Egyptians (16/9)^2, Chinese 3, Hebrews 3 (inferred in the Bible, I Kings vii, 23). The primary record of an individual mathematician assuming the issue of Pi (regularly called squaring the circle, and including the quest for an approach to neatly relate either the zone or the periphery of a hover to that of a square) happened in antiquated Greece during the 400s B. C. (this endeavor was made by Anaxagoras). In light of this reality, it isn't astonishing that the Greek culture was the first to genuinely dig into the conceivable outcomes of conceptual science. The piece of the Greek culture focused in Athens made incredible jumps in the region of geometry, the primary part of arithmetic to be altogether investigated. Antiphon, an Athenian rationalist, first expressed the standard of weariness (click on Antiphon for more data). Hippias of Elis made a bend called the quadratrix, which really permitted the hypothetical squaring of the circle, however it was not viable. In the late Greek time frame (300s-200s B. C. ), after Alexander the Great had spread Greek culture from the western outskirts of India to the Nile Valley of Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt turned into the scholarly focus of the world. Among the numerous researchers who worked at the University there, by a long shot the most powerful to the historical backdrop of Pi was Euclid. Through the distributing of Elements, he furnished innumerable future mathematicians with the devices with which to tackle the Pi issue. The other incredible mastermind of this time, Archimedes, concentrated in Alexandria however carried on with his life on the island of Sicily. It was Archimedes who approximated his estimation of Pi to around 22/7, which is as yet a typical worth today. Archimedes was murdered in 212 B. C. in the Roman triumph of Syracuse. In the years after his passing, the Roman Empire bit by bit oversaw the known world. Notwithstanding their different accomplishments, the Romans are not known for their scientific accomplishments. The dull period after the fall of Rome was far more terrible for Pi. Minimal new was found about Pi until well into the decrease of the Middle Ages, in excess of a thousand years after Archimedes demise.

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Challenges Faced With Supply Chain Management Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2055 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Strong Bridge provides solution for all consulting and advisory related requirements. We have developed complete integrated business solution, which can handle sales, purchase, inventory, customer loyalty programs, front store management and central store with warehousing for clients in industries like Retail and Distribution, Finance and Insurance, Service and Healthcare. With Strong Bridges Supply Chain Management (SCM) services, businesses are able to plan, implement, optimize and control their supply chains better than ever before. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Challenges Faced With Supply Chain Management Business Essay" essay for you Create order Strong Bridges SCM approach is beneficial to client in Reduction of Inventory Carrying Cost, Improving Purchasing Power, Retaining the client, Reducing pilferage and improving overall efficiency of the business operations. Strong Bridge supply chain management (SCM) systems are used to manage the movement of products and services from dealers to consumers. These systems are used to manage demand, warehouses, trade logistics, transportation, and other issues concerning facilities, and movement and transformation of materials on their way to customers. Strong Bridge Supply Chain Management solutions also include functionality for international trade and logistics, demand management, supplier relationship management and service parts planning. Strongbridges Supply chain management system is most efficient and when it comes to international transportation facilities. Challenges in Supply Chain Management SCM has become a necessity especially for manufacturing industry when it comes to deliver products at a competitive cost and at a higher quality than their competitors. Todays business climate has rapidly changed and has become more competitive as ever in nature. Businesses now not only need to operate at a lower cost to compete, it must also develop its own core competencies to distinguish itself from competitors and stand out in the market. In creating the competitive edge, companies need to divert its resources to focus on what they do best and outsource the process and task that is not important to the overall objective of the company. SCM has allowed company to reconsideration their entire process and reorganize it so that they can focus on its core competencies and outsource practices that are not within the core competencies of the firm. Due to the current expensive market, it is the only way for a business to continue. The stratagem of applying SCM will not only impac t their market positioning but also strategic decision on choosing the right partners, resources and manpower. By focusing on core competencies also will allow the company to create niches and specialization of core areas. In order for your company to sustain relevant in todays marketplace, it is essential to continually look to evolve your supply chain process. Enterprises that prosper and minimize their costs while maximizing their revenues and keeping clients happy recognize that this practice of constant supply chain growth depends on on well thought out and well applied redesign efforts to perform more efficient supply chain planning. Strong Bridge Supply chain system helps client to fill customer orders, to track the physical location or status of goods and materials, and manage their flows effectively and subsequently supports in managing both the aspects of planning and execution. Strong Bridge provides effective SCP with the support of the system has a dependable proc ess for collecting up-to-date information about customer orders, production status, and sales and delivery fulfilments. Strong Bridge Expertise We take very wide spectrum engagements in the supply chain practice. We can help clients take very operational action to straightaway improve supply chain performance indicators, such as delivery accuracy or flexibility. We can also help with more long-term changes such as defining a new supply chain strategy or determining optimal locations for plants and distribution centres. Our client sees an opportunity for increased sales and/or lower cost through better supply chain performance. Across the Operations Practice, generalist consultants and practice specialists work side-by-side. Generalist consultants join Strong Bridge directly after business school, or have a few years experience, and can take on projects across different functional themes. When we staff an engagement team we take into account what is required for the specific situation. The practice has an immense global reach and ability to pull in people and knowledge from across the world. We come from all imaginabl e sectors: retail, high tech, automotive, pharmaceutical and chemicals, even aerospace and defence organizations. We are distinctive in what we do. We work with Clients and Collaborate to develop New Knowledge. We always start by understanding the root causes for missed performance targets. Strong Bridge puts a significant amount of resource into knowledge development, often in cooperation with our clients. Supply chain is a fast moving area, and working so closely with the leading global companies, in combination with heavy investment in our internal knowledge initiatives, allows us to keep pace with development. Strong Bridge strategy We offer Supply Chain Management services to the operations department of clients organization in various functionalities like research and development, engineering, production, materials, plant management, delivery, purchase, and shipping, to name a few. It helps people in operations to attain results by ensuring the delivery of quality products on time to the right place. Strong Bridge strategy supports the creditable services meeting the needs of businesses throughout the world. Our experience working with both small and large organizations has developed our services in assessing and presenting service options to suit your needs. We recognize the dynamic requirements of our clients and develop business models to accommodate their needs. Strong Bridge SCM Services delivers value added services which strengthen the supply chain process ultimately providing clients with greater efficiencies. Our supply chain strategy offers solutions for companies in a range of industries and helps our clients gain a unique perspective, which comes from working together with service providers and clients alike. Strongbridge offers its clients. Demand Chain Management Strongbridge demand chain management benefits in management of upstream and downstream contacts between  suppliers  and  customers  to deliver the best value to the customer at the least  cost  to the demand chain  as a whole. Our demand chain system is a tool to bridge the gap between the  customer relationship management  and the supply chain management. Our supply chain processes are managed to deliver best value according to the demand of the customers. Demand planning service offered by strong Bridge helps you determine which products and how much of these must be produced at which particular point in time so that all customer orders will be fulfilled or served promptly. Our Performance practice can develop and manage your entire demand chain the strategies, people, and systems. By identifying the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that drive your demand chain, we can help you constantly determine whats working or not. Strong Bridge can help your com pany become a Demand Chain Leader. Companies large or small in size can become Demand Chain Leaders and move their company beyond Supply Chain Management. Demand Chain Leadership results in increased customer satisfaction, increased revenue, and increased profit levels on the bottom line. Demand Chain Leadership sets your company apart from the competition and gives you the competitive edge for growth. Integrated Business Planning  (IBP) It refers to the technologies, applications and processes of connecting the planning function across the enterprise to improve organizational alignment and financial performance. IBP accurately represents a holistic model of the company  in order to link  strategic planning  and  operational planning  with  financial planning. We deploy IBP and help clients to leverage the organizations information assets to evaluate plans and activities based on the true economic impact of each consideration. Our IBP service transforms planning into a decisive competitive advantage by: Providing an integrated planning platform across marketing, operations and finance Generating a holistic understanding of performance drivers Quantifying the financial impact and interdependencies across planning alternatives Optimizing strategic planning and resource allocation Balancing sales and operations planning for profitability Quantifying financial risk Increasing busi ness flexibility Supply Chain Optimization Strong Bridge also helps in optimizing your supply chain by combining resources in a supply chain with the intent of eliminating bottlenecks and other problems that interfere with the process and helping the supply chain function in a more smooth, timely and cost-effective manner. We use various methods to analyse supply chain data and create simulations that help supply chain planners make decisions that help them reach their goals more effectively. We can alert our clients beforehand who want to pursue a course of action that wouldnt be feasible based on available resources saving them precious time and money and helps them to decide on an alternate course of action that would allow them to achieve the objective they wish to achieve through other means. Our client preference and demand become one of the key importance factors for optimizing the supply chain system. The globalization of applications such as marketing and distribution has led to the creation of the global sup ply chain and added additional layers of complexity to the process. Strong Bridge can support in minimizing these complexities. How Does Supply Chain Optimization Solve Problems Our Supply chain optimization not only helps in improving customer satisfaction, but also keeping their supply chain costs to a minimum. Specifically, optimizing your supply chain is done with the purpose of eliminating or at least minimizing the supply chain issues that would normally arise when either time or resources are limited. Because it takes time to acquire materials, manufacture products, and deliver these products to customers, and even the largest and most established companies have limited resources for performing these activities, a considerable effort must be made in order to keep customers happy. This effort begins with advanced and detailed planning, and continues with effective execution of that plan. However, even under the best of circumstances, problems arise. Supply chain optimization attempts to systematically prevent those problems from arising or to provide solutions to them if they do occur. Supply chain optimization efforts make use of strong Bri dge models that helps to represent how these internal and external factors (constraints) relate to the companys desired objectives. Benefits of Supply Chain Optimization Supply chain optimization encompasses the entire process of combining resources in a supply chain with the intent of streamlining the process and leading to faster, more efficient and more profitable results. Supply chain optimization uses models and planning to formulate solutions to internal problems and external problems. Internal supply chain problems can take the form of complex decisions that the supply chain planner has to make, while external problems stem from the supply chain itself. SB SCM optimization helps in synchronizing concurrent planning, planning levels, and real-time planning and execution. Taking advantage of these services is a crucial part of ensuring that your business remains profitable and your customers remain happy. Enterprise Resource Planning The goal of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems is the successful integration of a companys data and processes in to a single unified system. Vendors can observe highest benefit by consolidating both SCM  and ERP systems. Suppliers observe more value added by opting for both supply chain and Enterprise resource planning. Supply chain management (SCM) along with enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, means more than getting the right resources to the right place at the right time. It also means optimally tuning the sequence of events involved in producing goods and distributing them to customers. Our supply chain management system (SCM) has the potential to become a critical success factor for implementing lean manufacturing and helps to define product structure, costing information, financial information and reports and is a useful tool in the decision-making process. The  SCM  features of Strong Bridge assists you in streamlining your operations to make t hem more efficient and cost-effective. We provide our supply chain offerings to both manufacturing and service organizations. It has emerged as the new key to productivity and competitiveness of manufacturing and service enterprises. Strong Bridge Advantage We assist you in solving the complex problems of just-in-time manufacturing, inventory reduction, and efficient manufacture and delivery of goods to outdo your competitors. Increase top-line profit growth through supplier collaboration. Increase customer service and decrease stock-outs. Reduce inventory carrying costs. Optimize your value chain for cost reduction and profit improvement. Reduce operating costs, corporate-wide. Increase competitiveness. Create supply chain visibility, including among trading partners. Adapt quickly to changing market conditions and adjust accordingly without detrimental customer impact. Determining product price and availability, determining alternate product logistics, and ensuring that manufacturing materials are available when needed. Maximizing the effectiveness Reducing the number of products returned.

Analysis Of The Movie American History X - 858 Words

There are many definitions of racism. Some focus on culture, or intelligence, and still others on the meanings and assumptions associated primarily with physical appearances. Often racism is a matter of learning–whether at the very personal/familial level, or the institutional level. The film,American History X, tells the story of two brothers who are both involved with a Neo-Nazi gang in Venice Beach. The movie starts with the older brother Derrick getting out of jail for the murder of two black gang members. At the same time his brother is getting out of jail, the younger brother Danny is forced to write a paper about his brother s influence on him. The movie then unfolds as part of the paper that Danny is writing. It goes through how Derrick and Danny both became skinheads, what Derrick did to land himself in jail, what their family went through as they both delved into the Neo-Nazi world and what they both participated in as part of this gang. The film American History X will be analyzed using cultural relativism to determine how it relates to cultural anthropology, specifically focusing on kinship,ethnicity and race, and social organization. Kinship is how cultures define relationships with people who they think of as family. All societies use kinship as a basis for forming social groups and for classifying people. However, there is a great amount of variability in kinship rules and patterns around the world (O neil,2015). In the movie, we see thatShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis: American History X1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie I decided to analyze for this course was American History X (1998), which stars Edward Norton. Though this movie isn’t widely known, it is one of the more interesting movies I have seen. It’s probably one of the best films that depict the Neo Nazi plague on American culture. The film takes place from the mid to late 1990’s during the Internet boom, and touches on subjects from affirmative action to Rodney King. One of the highlights of this movie that really relates to one of the key aspectsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie American History X 1586 Words   |  7 PagesIn the movie, â€Å"American History X†, the plot surrounds the life of two brothers who are involved with the D.O.C. a well-known white supremacist group in Venice Beach. Danny Vinyard is a high school student who admires his older brother, Derek, a former skinhead. Through the inc arceration of his brother Derek, Danny becomes more affiliated with the skinheads and is mentioned at times as being the resemblance of his elder brother. The movie begins with flashbacks of Derek’s incarceration, and everythingRead MoreStereotypes, Conformity, And Discrimination1742 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudices and Discrimination in American History X Abstract Stereotyping, prejudice, conformity, and discrimination are well portrayed in the movie American History X. The negative attitude held by Derek towards to black people is greatly influenced and learned from his father who was a racist. Derek also transfers these prejudice attitudes towards his younger brother Danny as he grows up seeing the racism practiced in his family and his brother. Although these attitudes are based on propagandaRead MoreMovie Review : Falls Short Of Expectations 1407 Words   |  6 PagesWhen creating a movie about Neo-Nazis living in Los Angeles, one might expect there to be violence. Indeed, American History X; directed by Tony Kaye is a film just about that subject and absolutely gives the viewers watching it an immense amount of violence. There have been critics like Peter Travers; movie critic from Rolling Stone Magazine, for instants, who have gone on to praise the film and even calling it â€Å"An explosive, scorched-earth drama.† They explain how the film was powerful and importantRead MoreSpike Lee: Do the Right Thing Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesJames Callahan COM 2010 4-22-11 Midterm Analysis Revise Cinematography helps Spike Lee to Do the Right Thing In Spike Lee’s film Do the Right Thing, we dive head first into a world of racial and social ills. The movie is set in the African American and Puerto Rican neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, on the hottest day of the year. We follow a young man named Mookie, who lives with his sister Jade, and works as a pizza delivery guy for a local pizzeria owed by Sal. Sal’s â€Å"WallRead MoreAnalysis Of Against The Wall1079 Words   |  5 PagesAgainst the Wall Analysis Today I watched the second movie titled Against the Wall. â€Å"In this film based on a true story, an idealistic young recruit, Michael Smith (Kyle MacLachlan), begins working in Attica Penitentiary and quickly learns how awfully the inmates are being treated. Soon a prison riot breaks out, and Smith and the other guards are taken hostage. The prisoners, led by Jamaal (Samuel L. Jackson), take control of the jail and demand better living conditions. Despite the tense environmentRead MoreWe Were Soldiers Analysis Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesScott Johnson 04/14/09 HIST. 1700 Term Project Film Analysis/Review WE WERE SOLDIERS It’s a known fact that that the Vietnam War was fought by young American soldiers that bled and died next to one another in the jungles of Vietnam. With many wins and loses throughout the war there were over 58,000 American casualties by wars end. The movie, â€Å"We Were Soldiers† focuses on the role of the United State’s 7th Calvary Regiment in the Battle of Ia Drang, which was the first large-unit battleRead MoreA Movie Review on El Presidente1626 Words   |  7 PagesEl Presidente A. Title and year of release El Presidente (2012) B. Genre Action, Drama, War, History C. Audience Classification PG-13 D. Production team: Directed by | Mark Meily | Starring | Jorge Estregan as Emilio AguinaldoCristine Reyes   as Hilaria Del RosarioCesar Montano   as Andres Bonifacio | Studio | * CMB Films * Viva Films | | Scenema Concept International | E. Own Synopsis The story is told in flashbacks as Emilio Aguinaldo thanks the US governmentRead MoreEssay Rhetorical Visions in the Film, American History X3044 Words   |  13 PagesRhetorical Visions in the Film, American History X â€Å"Hate is baggage. Lifes too short to be pissed off all the time†. This is a quote from the film American History X. This film sends out a powerful message about hate groups such as skinheads and Neo-Nazis. The vision of this movie is to make others aware of the complex life of a skinhead. Through different symbolism we see how society views this group. We also are made aware of the continuous cycle of violence that continues to existRead MoreSociological Analysis of Racism American History X2317 Words   |  10 Pages Sociological Analysis of American History X: A Breakdown of the Stages of Racism Racism being a common concern for most sociologists is somewhat inevitable and a cause for a large proportion of the problems that occur in the society. American History X (1998) is a film that tells a rather heartrending tale of two brothers that got caught in a ghastly web of bitterness and hatred. Although racism is openly practiced, it isn’t entirely irreversible. The process of escaping from it, however, can

Logistic Operation Free Essays

string(428) " then shipped to local stores from deport following acceptance of depot in charge \(Jones and Clarke, 2002\) Under the context of logistics operations, Tesco has introduced one policy that is continuous replenishment policy as a substitute to the batch data progression with constant system of flow then several order are transmitted to dealers in turn minimizing the stock rendering and acquirements of best inventory control\." In the current challenging industry, any organization strives for supplying the finalized products and goods to the consumer prior to they tend towards the rivalry products. Retailing is an important segment of financial activities of both developing and developed national economies along with retailing and valued aided and wholesaling. Logistics is the significant function in any organization which plays responsible role in each and every aspect of movement as well as material storage over their journey from dealers to end customers. We will write a custom essay sample on Logistic Operation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Major operations include in logistics of an organization are inventory management, transportation policies and emerging of IT systems. In the light of above, the following report is intended to perform the critical evaluation of two companies in retailing industry and comparison between them. For this evaluation, Tesco and Sainsbury which are the two leading players across the UK retailing market are selected. As a part, various operations adopted by these two companies and its contribution towards the business productivity and sales are discussed. Subsequently, replenishment policies and transportation mode strategies are also described in detailed. Finally, in these aspects comparative analysis is performed between Tesco and Sainsbury and based on identified challenges faced by them, proper recommendations are presented. Company profiles: Tesco Plc: TESCO PLC is one of the leading retailers across the globe. This company mainly deals with the retailing business and its related activities in UK, the Czech Republic, Malaysia, Poland, Slovakia, South Korea, United States, India, Hungary, China etc. t also offers various other services such as insurance services through its subsidiary, retail banking, and retaining services which offer in store that include phone shop or customer restaurant, optician, pharmacy etc. presently, it maintains over 180 opticians. This company stores and distribution networks provides the opportunities for customers to choose the products whenever it suits them from more than 770 stores, close to where they live. Currently, it maintains the 45 stores that provide the offer of grocery Click Collect. In the year 2011, this company acquired 77 stores of Mills Group in UK. In the year 2012, this company obtained Mobcast. Sainsbury: Sainsbury PLC is one of the major grocery and retailing related firms. This firm is administered three kinds of business segments such as financial services, retailing and property investments. From March 17, 2012, this firm operated over 10,000 stores including 440 convenience stores and 572 supermarkets. By this Company, some investment properties held which includes joint ventures with The British Land Company PLC and Land Securities Group PLC. This firm includes click and collect services which enables the consumers to place common products orders via online through 2pm for compilation the next day from over 900 stores. The general merchandise website of this firm provides more than 6,000 own brands and branded products. In the year 2011, this firm obtained two companies such as Global Media Vault Limited and online entertainment company. Analysis of logistic operations of TESCO: Logistics in practice: This company is one among the prominent retailer across the globe with above 4000 stores and sales of nearly  £50 billion per year. They are implementing enduring strategy intended for increasing development on the basis of their desire to perform their best every day for the consumers. In regard to this, Tesco focus upon four distinct areas such as development within core business, UK, global business expansion, to play a leading role in non-foods in similar as food sector and to pursue the consumers to new services of retailing (Bearnon, 1998). To assists their logistic operations, it is being implemented a vast and effective logistics network that distance the world. It constantly progresses meant for exceeding the ever-changing consumer demands. In context to retailing consumers, this company is constantly changing and responding through the provision of modern products and services since there is a constant change in the habits of consumers shopping that eventually has the impact upon their UK stores (Tesco, 2009). In 1970s, majority of this company sale were in quite undersized retailing shops across town centers. Later, during the period of next 20 years Tesco shutdown such undersized stores for concentrating upon large size retailing stores and out-of-town growth. In recent days, the company aided smaller metro and express formats, thus by the year of 2008 they gained nearly 2. 5 million mt2 of sales area comprise four distinct major formats in order to exceeding differing requirements (Clarke, 2002). †¢ 150 additional alongside greater than 6000mt2 and trading all types of domestic products †¢ Nearly 450 supermarkets in addition 2000-5000mt2 and concentrating over food sector †¢ 200 metro stores in addition to 700-1500mt2 trading less number of food varieties as well as ready meals 550 stores with till 300mt2 providing a regional service of about 7000 lines The varieties of food products are constantly extending by aiding to own brand like healthy living, organic, Free From, finest, organic and many more. In addition to food retailer, the firm currently trading the domestic products and persists its diversification into distinct fields such as insurance, finance, internet and telephone service, healthcare, petrol station, pharm acies and many more (King, 2000). Also, business operations in UK stores have amended with the development of self service explores, 24/7 opening, shopping in online, shelf ready packaging and club card. Additionally, it has shifted into electronic commerce business which is the cause of transforming several logistic aspects indulging online based home delivery service with more than billion pounds of sales per year (Fernie and Sparks, 2004). Logistics replenishment policy: Tesco Company maintains nearly 13% of share across UK retail industry. The concentration is been to enhance a share in food retailing during enlarging the scope contribution towards hypermarkets. At this moment, this company achieved the optimum efficiency of supply chain in addition logistics operations are currently targeted by rivalries. At present, the stock is verified regularly over real time basis and on the basis of inventory, order are progressed as core. Production schemes are generated and then shipped to local stores from deport following acceptance of depot in charge (Jones and Clarke, 2002) Under the context of logistics operations, Tesco has introduced one policy that is continuous replenishment policy as a substitute to the batch data progression with constant system of flow then several order are transmitted to dealers in turn minimizing the stock rendering and acquirements of best inventory control. In the light of this the challenge of extreme inventory transmitted to the dealers. The traders got such orders in accordance with the needs one or more number of times per day by core batch processing segment. Then the same were progressed with the help of dealers and placed in accordance with the batch orders and demands at depot of Tesco stores. Several dispatches are made to make sure effective fleet consumption and quick replenishment process (David, 2004). Transportation model for national and global operations: For the intension of product distribution in national wide, Tesco is been pursuing the intermodal transportation policy through various mediums of transportation such as road, canal and rail. Also, it pursues a center and scope model at where the main storage houses are rendered and utilizing them the products are shipped to regional business stores. Inventory at regional business stores as well as storage places is traced through the central processing part (Mishra, 2004). Reports of inventory are created upon the basis of real time across the domestic stores at the instance when the inventory are diminishing below the safety margins, the product warehouses are informed as well as the stock is delivered. The management like freight system is introduced which ensures the minimum price rendering for transportation is chosen. For global functions, Tesco must seek standardizing and maintaining their dealers over a global level. An analogous center as well as spoke model has been employed. The product storage place is been appropriately placed closer to sea shore like dock segment for making sure that the global deliveries been rendered over moderately inexpensive more of transportation through sea way. The selection of dock segments is been made relying upon the labor and commercial laws for making sure the optimum profitability of total process of supply chain. Main warehouses are retained relying on the area of final domestic stores. A spoke model and an expanded center identified with the business products transported from dock segments to main storage places and finally towards end stores (Deborah, 2010). Analysis of logistics of operation of SAINSBURY: Logistics practices: Sainsbury being performed the logistics practices in terms of inventory in efficient and proper manner targeted to sales and business growth. Under this scenario, approaches like maximizing the trailer space and recognizing unneeded journeys have been assisted in boosting up the company revenues to nearly  £360million over first two quarters of the year. With effective logistics management, the company has gained in profit by around 8. 2% (Smith, 2000). Those while driving the work are signifying the way of structuring their daily activities in much efficient manner in order to make use most of time taken for driving. Also, the firm spending in innovative technology of supply chain is for enhancing their services of logistics. This technology indulges a modern system which offers the instantaneous predicting and ordering for assisting the Sainsbury Company for enhancing the service effectiveness and minimizing the waste. Additionally, in the other fields at this company indulge the employment of self-scan check outs as per the share cast assisting the firm to equalize any sort of inflationary pressures over the period. For making the company’s logistics as much as effective, they make sure to associate the correct stores geographical to correct depots, minimizing of distance. Also, they give training for their driver to regulate effectively in addition to the introduction to double-decker Lorries which is useful for shipping large amount of goods in single time (Jones, and Clarke, 2002). In perspective of both primary and secondary logistics operations, the firm attempted to reduce the release of CO2 gas. Regard to primary functions, they make use of empty trucks for collecting the products from store deliveries with the help of dealers and amount of gathering has presently exceeded of around 140,000 per annum. Regard to secondary practices, a targeted venture upon automobile fill has resulted into the enhancement of above 1. 5% across total fleet of store delivery. Emission of CO2 gas for every 1000 cases shipment has reduced to nearly 120. 5kg of recent year. As a result, the decrease of 1% over the annum and nearly 17% on past five years implies that the firm has already exceeded the target in the year 2012. In addition, they have acquired the decrease of around 1,800,000Kms distance in this year by making use of own and dealer’s fleet in much effective manner (Amanda and Amelie, 2012). Logistics replenishment policy: Sainsbury Plc Company employed the policies for replenishment that are SABRE as sales relied approach for generating and processing the orderings of the consumers, which generates the total list of desired products for the purpose of carrying out the operations. Additionally, in recent days the company is making use of Just- in Time model especially for effective replenishment when compared with the conventional sales based replenishment (Gustafsson, Jonson and Smith, 2006). The intension behind the replenishment policies of this company is to provide the best chain management of dealer to store replenishment and also minimizing the time taken for such process along with stock rendering. This comprises series of significant systems that differs the base of ordering which is considered as crucial operation for the firm. In this company, the systems are scheduled to emerge the total pool of stock level across branches using the scanned data as well as the data related to receipts. With the above models, several distributions are created for assuring the effective function of the fleet as well as faster replenishment at this company (Latika and Patthaveekarn, 2009). Transportation model for national and global operations: Sainsbury’s performed the business operations in a well-planned way in both national and global wide. The global strategy of the firm is considered as rapid follower though with ever-changing resultants. Over the period of past few years, this company entered into several new markets such as Scotland, Northern Ireland, Sprucefield and Lisbum. The firm used the advantage of IT solutions within the aspect of transportation mode through the execution of advanced version of paragon software close to its national wide distribution. The intension behind the shipping operation is to join the paragon’s scheduling maximization along with telematics in order to drastically expand the exactness as well as employed of complex transport policies (Michael, 2006). In addition, Sainsbury implementing integrated transport management system for fulfillment of above intension. Productivity of the firm is raised by nearly 8%, grown the implementation abilities around 12% and increased levels of on-time distribution is about 17%. The performance of daily activities has increased with the help of paragon software for nearly 19 centers of the company to 276 smaller stores and 527 super markets along with the assignment of trailers, drivers, rigids and tractors to routes for several years. Additionally, this firm guaranteed the multiple shifted transport plans are attainable and pragmatic (Liam, 2004). Comparative analysis of the two companies: From the above evaluation and reviews about the logistic operations of both Tesco and Sainsbury retailing companies in UK, it is comprehended that across the retailing sector, Tesco is being acquired constant leading position over the Sainsbury as it dominated especially in food retailing. Currently, Tesco stood at top one while Sainsbury ranked as second position across the UK market. Though these are leading players across competitive environment of both national and internationally, it is required to still seek for the development of distinct format stores relying on the area and user characteristics. For instance, Sainsbury and Tesco have created presence of high street and city hub as a part of logistics operations by means of developing the Metro and express of Tesco and Sainsbury local. Various policies of logistics replenishments are adopted by these two organizations as per their capabilities in effective way with an intension for quick replenishment that leads to attainment of success. However, it is clear that while Tesco has been sustaining its development rate by being a dominant retailer by purchasing retail outlets in dissimilar countries, Sainsbury’s has been improving its global presence by establishing its own outlets. Also, the utilization of IT infrastructure seems to be lagging behind in case of Sainsbury’s when contrasted to Tesco. Overall, it can be understood that both of these companies should make changes in utilizing the Information technology (IT), should solve the legal and taxation issues in foreign countries ,should strive to decrease the cultural conflicts while seeking international expansions and implementing logistics operations. Recommendations to TESCO and SAINSBURY: TECSO and Sainsbury have achieved much and proved stronger in the logistics operations: For the next 5 years, the following are the recommendations to the companies to grab and sustain the market place in logistics operations. Investment on the technology is a wise decision. The technology used in Logistics should be upgraded/ adopted as per the current industry standards. This will make the organization stand few years ahead of its competitors. Transportation charges could be combated by increasing number of distribution centers. This will also enable the customer to keep close of the organization and the needs of the customer are met easily. Customization of the logistic operations is a much hyped solution for a better logistics today in any organization. . Irrespective of the customization, small or mushroom, there needs to have a greater visibility, operational efficiency and revenue enhancements should be the prime focus of the customization. Route planning is said to be other better improvement strategy in logistics operations in which an organization starts to identify costly routes and try mitigating the route costs. Modern technologies make use of tracing and identifying the routes based on the risk, capacity and the cost. The choice should be based on the calculations of the elements. Intermodal transport is one of the next best things that companies could opt for in case of the long distance logistic operations. It not only reduced costs, risks and the effort but also prevents environment with low emissions of fuels. How to cite Logistic Operation, Papers

Polyamory Essays (355 words) - Sexual Fidelity, Human Sexuality

Marlon Josephs Professor Ehtesham-Zadeh ENGL 1101: Composition Rhetoric 13 October 2018 An Abundance of Lovers Why do we assume women cheat due to loneliness and a desire for affection? Why do we surmise men cheat because of boredom and lust for intimacy? If happy, contented people become unfaithful, what drives us to do so? Most Americans' believe infidelity occurs, because of strained relationships and personal shortcomings. Society, world religions, and cultural institutions have maintained that humanity evolved in families. In reality, Human nature isn't at all monogamous. We may know this intellectually, but on an emotional level, we seem to be hardwired for denial. Our promiscuous past worsens struggles over monogamy, sexual orientation, and family dynamics. Given that human nature appreciate s love, sex, and affection but struggle with continuing commitment . Why don't people consider consensual non-monogamy? We need to examine the foundation of a polyamorous lifestyle. That requires confronting the erroneous presumptions that relationships consisting of more than one partner involve one man and his harem of women. That is an understandable stereotype that's heavily ingrained in our society, because these types of dynamics have been encouraged by numerous religious groups and previous civilizations. However, today's polyamory movement doesn't believe this notion. In actuality, some argue polyamory's rise is attributable to the feminist revolution: as women gained financial and social independence, they were able to choose their relationships. Today, gender equality is a central value of the polyamorous community, and the makeup of connections is determined not by sex, but by individual preferences. I t is clear: polyamory is not a remedy for low self-esteem, emotional wounds or lovesickness. It does not eliminate jealousy or serves well to maintain relationships without compromising. It is not an escape or recess. It is more like a beginning than an end, a refuge than a party. Polyamory is more like a viewpoint that remained hidden in the forest of normality: a place to remove, for the first time, the significant burden we carry, our limits and desires. If we want it can give us company for the road.

Willamette University - Scores, Costs, and Admissions

Willamette University - Scores, Costs, and Admissions If you are interested in attending Willamette University, the good news is that their acceptance rate is 78 percent of applicants. Willamette is a small private university located in Salem, Oregon, directly across the street from the states capitol building. The undergraduate College of Liberal Arts is well-regarded nationally, a fact that earned the school a chapter of the prestigious Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society. The university prides itself on the number students who study abroad and the number of hours its students devote to service (more than 60,000 hours a year of volunteerism). Academics at Willamette are supported by a healthy 10 to 1 student / faculty ratio. Willamette students come from 43 states and 27 countries. In athletics, the Willamette Bears compete in the NCAA Division III Northwest Conference. Popular sports include swimming, rowing, basketball, tennis, cross country, and track and field. Will you get in if you apply to Willamette University? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Percent of Applicants Admitted: 78 percentGPA, SAT and ACT graph for WillametteTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanCompare SAT scores for Oregon collegesACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -What these ACT numbers meanCompare ACT scores for Oregon colleges Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 2,556 (1,997 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 44Â  percent Male / 56 percent Female93Â  percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $47,217Books: $950 (why so much?)Room and Board: $11,600Other Expenses: $1,232Total Cost: $60,999 Willamette University Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 99Â  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 99 percentLoans: 56 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $26,239Loans: $7,836 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Anthropology, Biology, Chemistry, Economics, English, Global Studies, History, Political Science, PsychologyWhat major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86Â  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 70 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 78Â  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Swimming, Tennis, Track and Field, Football, Golf, Cross Country, Basketball, Baseball, SoccerWomens Sports: Cross Country, Rowing, Soccer, Softball, Track and Field, Basketball, Volleyball, Tennis, Swimming If You Like Willamette University, You May Also Like These Schools Whitman College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Oregon: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWestern Washington University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Washington: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSeattle University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGonzaga University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWhitworth University: ProfileSanta Clara University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of the Pacific: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of California - Davis: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPortland State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of California - Santa Cruz: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWestern Oregon University: Profile Willamette University Mission Statement mission statement from willamette.edu/about/mission_motto/index.html Willamette University provides rigorous education in the liberal arts and selected professional fields. Teaching and learning, strengthened by scholarship and service, flourish in a vibrant campus community. A Willamette education prepares graduates to transform knowledge into action and lead lives of achievement, contribution and meaning. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Writing the Specification For A Utility Patent

Writing the Specification For A Utility Patent Introduction Requirements Patent specifications are not written at a laypersons level of understanding, they are written at an experts level of understanding. In addition, they are ways to write things based on legal interpretation that can give you the best patent protection. Writing the specification for a utility patent requires both technical and legal skill. paper format Formatting and Numbering The Pages All the pages of the specification including claims and abstract, have to be numbered consecutively, starting with 1. This does not apply to the transmittal letter sheets or other forms.The page numbers should be centrally located preferably below the text.The text lines of the specification must be 1.5 or double spaced (lines of other text not comprising the specification need not be 1.5 or double spaced).Include an indentation at the beginning of each new paragraph, and number the paragraphs starting at (0001 etc.). Section Headings TITLE OF INVENTIONCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSSTATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENTREFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM, LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIXBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONBRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONCLAIM OR CLAIMSABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSUREDRAWINGS (When Necessary)OATH OR DECLARATIONSEQUENCE LISTING (When Necessary) Next Detailed Instructions For Each Section Heading Do you want to know what the Patent office does after you file your patent application, or what you might have to do after they receive it? See Examination of Patent Applications. TITLE OF INVENTION CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS application data sheet STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT REFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM, LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX If a computer program listing is to be submitted and is over 300 lines long (each line of up to 72 characters), the computer program listing must be submitted on a compact disc compliant with rule 1.96, and the specification must contain a reference to the computer program listing appendix. A computer program listing of 300 or less lines may similarly be submitted on compact disc. The computer program listing on compact disc will not be printed with any patent or patent application publication. If a gene sequence listing is to be submitted, the sequence may be submitted on a compact disc in compliance with laws 1.821, 1.822, 1.823, 1.824, and 1.825, instead of submission on paper, and the specification must contain a reference to the gene sequence listing on compact disc. If a table of data is to be submitted, and such table would occupy more than 50 pages if submitted on paper, the table can be submitted on a compact disc compliant with rule 1.58, and the specification must contain a reference to the table on compact disc. The data in the table must properly align visually with the associated rows and columns. Next Background of Invention, Summary, Drawing Views, Detailed Description The description, together with the claims forms the bulk of your patent application. It is here that you give a full account of your invention. The description begins with background information relevant to the invention and describes the invention in increasing levels of detail. One of your goals in writing the description is to compose it so that someone skilled in your field would be able to reproduce it just from reading your description and looking at the drawings. Reference Material Tips on Writing the Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This section should also contain a description of information known to you, including references to specific documents, which are related to your invention. It should contain, if applicable, references to specific problems involved in the prior art (or state of technology) which your invention is drawn toward. In the past, this section may have been titled DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART or DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It is required that the description be sufficient so that any person of ordinary skill in the pertinent art, science, or area could make and use the invention without extensive experimentation. The best mode contemplated by you of carrying out your invention must be set forth in the description. Each element in the drawings should be mentioned in the description. This section has often, in the past, been titled DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT. Next Claims, Abstract CLAIMS The claim or claims must particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter which you regard as the invention. The claims define the scope of the protection of the patent. Whether a patent will be granted is determined, in large measure, by the choice of wording of the claims. One Claim Is Required For Filing The claims section must begin with the statement, What I claim as my invention is... or I (We) claim... followed by the statement of what you regard as your invention. One or more claims may be presented in dependent form, referring back to and further limiting another claim or claims in the same application. All dependent claims should be grouped together with the claim or claims to which they refer to the extent practicable. Any dependent claim that refers to more than one other claim (a multiple dependent claim) shall refer to such other claims in the alternative only. Each claim should be a single sentence, and where a claim sets forth a number of elements or steps, each element or step of the claim should be separated by a line indentation. In Claims Every Word Is Important The fee required to be submitted with a nonprovisional utility patent application is, in part, determined by the number of claims, independent claims, and dependent claims. Reference Material Tips on Writing Patent ClaimsPatent Rules About Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The purpose of the abstract is to enable the USPTO and the public to determine quickly the nature of the technical disclosures of your invention. The abstract points out what is new in the art to which your invention pertains. It should be in narrative form and generally limited to a single paragraph, and it must begin on a separate page. An abstract should not be longer than 150 words. Reference Material Tips on Writing a Patent Application Abstract Next Drawings, Oath, Sequence Listing, Mailing Receipt DRAWINGS (when necessary) A patent application is required to contain drawings if drawings are necessary for the understanding of the subject matter sought to be patented. The drawings must show every feature of the invention as specified in the claims. Omission of drawings may cause an application to be considered incomplete. If you need to create patent drawings use our Guide to Patent Drawings. OATH OR DECLARATION, SIGNATURE PTO/SB/01 without application data sheetPTO/SB/01A for combination with an application data sheetPTO/SB/02 for additional inventors Providing a correspondence address will help to ensure prompt delivery of all notices, official letters, and other communications. In addition, a shortened declaration can be used when you also file an Application Data Sheet. The oath or declaration must be signed by all of the actual inventors. An oath may be administered by any person within the United States, or by a diplomatic or consular officer of a foreign country, who is authorized by the United States to administer oaths. A declaration does not require any witness or person to administer or verify its signing. Thus, use of a declaration is preferable. A full first and last name with middle initial or name, if any, of each inventor are required. The mailing address and citizenship of each inventor are also required if an application data sheet is not used. SEQUENCE LISTING (when necessary) You must prepare this section, for the disclosure of a nucleotide and/or amino acid sequence, with a listing of the sequence that complies with the following patent rules: 1.821, 1.822, 1.823, 1.824, and 1.825, and may be in paper or electronic form. Obtaining A Receipt For Mailed Patent Application Documents See - Obtaining a Receipt for Documents Mailed to USPTO Next Creating Patent Drawings For A Utility Patent

Interplanetary Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Interplanetary Logistics - Essay Example The reality is that human interaction with space was once consider a fantasy that was not remotely possibly, yet we are now perhaps only a few generations from being able to make that fantasy become reality (Bainbridge 2009). Space is largely seen as a mechanism by which we can increase our existing supply train. As such, the process by which modern civilisation conducts sustainable space exploration in the future will depend directly on an innate ability to effectively manage the supply chain, leading to a discussion centring on interplanetary logistics. The process by which this is undertaken today takes on a drastically different shape than it did during the original Apollo moon missions. During those early attempts at space exploration, required materials and tools were simply carried along for the wide. Future space exploration, however will depend on a complex network focused on the supply chain that enables sustainable colonisation based upon resources being available to people in real time, as they are needed, rather than simply relying on this on a mission by mission basis. This process will soon begin a new with scheduled missions to the moon beginning in the year 2020. The moon will literally become in a stepping off point for exploration deeper into space, and the vision is to have it become a supply command post where supplies and other associated items in terms of logistics are planned for in advance and are available as needed. No longer will astronauts be forced to rely only on what they can carry, but the objective is to have a system of logistics in place where needs are not only anticipated, but provided for in advance in order to keep the work going. This is a critical concept in terms of interplanetary travel due to the reality that lost or misplaced items can literally take months to replace, costing the crew valuable time to conduct experiments and get

Discuss the relationship between modes of production (foraging, Essay

Discuss the relationship between modes of production (foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture and industry) and gender - Essay Example Some women, therefore, have endured a lot of difficulties and have performed different duties that include fetching water in rivers and dams that are far from their homes. Some take the sole responsibilities to feed the families despite having husbands. Some societies overburden certain gender, for example, with the pastoralists; the young men travel very far to graze the livestock’s while their fathers just stay behind to just rest and sleep at home. O’Hara (278) puts across that women seem to be at bar with men when they share duties with them. In most societies, men’s and women’s duties and responsibilities are strictly defined and one gender can’t undertake the task assigned to the other gender. Women duties are strictly women duties and the same is fair about men’s role. It used to be seen in both America and Europe that it is natural for women to be taking care of homes and caring for the children while men are the breadwinners of the f amily, that is how their cultures define gender roles (Brettell and Sargent 120). With the background of United States and Europe being industrial nations, men perform the difficult task of running the industries. Men are involved in manual activities that include running of the industries (Brettell and Sargent 121). ... Therefore, women were subordinate to women. With such situation, women suffer a lot because, even if their husbands abuse them, they have little options due to their dependency (Brettell and Sargent 120). In these societies of Europe and America that are predominantly agriculturally industrial, there was certain gender inequality; men were paid more for the same job which the woman did. Women also hold positions that are low with men taking the positions of managers and directors within industries. With men dominating having the decision making vote in these industries, they did little to fight for the rights of women. According to Brettell and Sargent (119) in their book titled â€Å"Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective†, in spite of gender inequality such industrial countries have been labeled as the most egalitarian of human societies. Brettell and Sargent (120) break down four reasons for this division of labor: the variability in the supply of game, different skills requi red for hunting and gathering, incompatibility between carrying burdens and hunting, and small size of semi-nomadic foraging populations. According to O’Hara (278), both men and women in foraging societies enjoy equal status because women gathering contribute huge portion of family diet while hunting is sometimes not reliable. The gathering role taken by women helped elevate the status of the women in these societies. But according to Brettell and Sargent (120), in the societies that hunt and fish, the status of women is low. In fact among these societies, the role is not clearly defined according to O’Hara book. There are therefore several instances where women and men hunt and gather together taking the society to a notch higher in

Essay --

The â€Å"Clashing† Life of Jorge Yao Many of us have heard of the online mobile game called â€Å"Clash of Clans†. The game concept is pretty simple – you manage a village and steal others’ resources in order to upgrade your base. Surely, we have seen dozens of these games roaming on the mobile app store. But the shocking fact is that the developer, Supercell, is making $2.5 million a day off Clash of Clans, from tens of millions of active players who are given the option to spend their own money in order to speed up their army troops and upgrades. Here’s a short history and game concept of this popular game. This game was risen from the ground to the app store in early August. This online-only, multiplayer game allows players to build their village, train army troops and attack other players to steal resources from them in order to upgrade their bases and defences, which protect from other attackers. Players can lower their trophy counts to â€Å"farm† for resources (eg. gold), or win battles to increase trophies to show off but at the same time meaning attacking and defending against harder bases. Players can join groups called â€Å"clans† which players can give advices and strategies on the private clan chat. And here’s where a user who called himself Jorge Yao comes in – a well-known hero amongst experienced and amateur player. He was the first player to break the 4,000 trophy mark and held the number one spot for a whole six months. These all came to an end when Jorge announced his retirement in May, after hundreds of dollars spend into this game each week. The Beginning George Yao – his real name – immigrated to Philadelphia from China. His dad taught at the University of Pennsylvania and his mother worked at a pathology lab. George himself w... ...n that there are many stories where couples get divorced or bankrupt because of Clash of Clans, or other online multiplayer game. This all finally came to an end when six months later, in June 2013, he put down his three iPads down and quit. However as it seemed, all of his addiction, efforts, patience and fortune didn’t go to waste. In his farewell speech he posted on his social media site, he accepted his side career as a gaming design consultant for Samurai Siege, similar to Clash of Clans, and relocated to London. He thanked his clanmates, friends and fans and said he was â€Å"going out on top like Mike†, referring to Michael Jordan. â€Å"Looking back, I think I must have been insane,† he said. â€Å"I was so immersed in it at the time. I knew it was abnormal, but never to the extent that I see it now.† â€Å"Nowadays I can’t even stand opening the app, the sight of it.† He said.

Benihana vs Broadway Pizza

Characteristics and Issues| Benihana of Tokyo| Broadway Pizza| Conflicts & Lessons| Competitive Advantage| * Low cost (competitor) * Labor cost * Strategic Marketing * Low waste * Lower overhead| * Use of technology * Family oriented| Rocky Aoki was able to keep labor, food, beverage and facility costs lower than traditional restaurant design using hibachi grills, a new service innovation. This service innovation however, did require higher marketing costs, as the American public had never experienced this dining model.Broadway Pizza viewed their competitive advantage as their ability to combine family oriented robot entertainment and dining under one roof. This turned out not be a competitive advantage as the breakeven costs was too high. | Order Qualifier/ Winners| * Food prepared in front of customer * Community dinning * Cooking was entertainment | * Quality food * Child focused atmosphere * Interactive * Multiple dining locations| The order winners for Benihana are their communi ty dining style, chefs cooking in front of and providing entertainment to patrons.This showed that enjoy eating and being entertained at the same time. This same idea of being entertained while eating defined Broadway Pizza’s order winners as their family focused robotic entertainment drew in patrons. | Competitive Priorities| * Innovative * Cost * Time * Quality (chefs)| * Innovative * Flexibility * Quality * Cost| The competitive priorities for Benihana were to increase efficiency in the traditional restaurant model by using innovation to cut costs i. e.Hibachi and Umbrella drinks and using highly trained skilled labor to ensure customer service. Broadway Pizza also placed competitive priority on innovation by adding robotic entertainment to a family restaurant, however the lesson to be learned is that Broadway pizza innovated for the sake of innovation there was no benefit to the shareholders. Benihana innovated as a cost saving mechanism and increased profits. | Operation s Strategy| * Limited menu * Skilled labor & management * System and service exec. Max utilization * Food prep| * Bring families together * Family menu * Inexpensive entertainment * Variety of entertainment| Benihana operations strategy decreased costs and allowed for maximization of resources while Broadway pizza strategy was to entertain people with a lack of focus on cost metrics. | Mission| * To provide ding and quality entertainment while reducing costs| * Combining robotic entertainment and food service under one roof| The main difference between Benihana and Broadway pizza is the focus on cost.Both wanted to provide a combined dining and entertainment service| Location| * Urban * Metropolitan| * Areas with high and dense family populations| Benihana’s locations were well thought out and planned in large cities with densely populated areas. Building Benihana’s in large cities allowed the staff to assimilate with American’s- and therefore helped with the ap peal and recruiting of Japanese staff. Broadway Pizza did not have a plan for choosing its’ locations, other than driving around and looking for vacated space in family neighborhoods.This led to a much smaller market segment per store. | Service Scape| * Authentic Japanese experience * Novelty Dining * Relaxed atmosphere (umbrella drink)| * Parents enjoy seeing their children happy * Multiple robotic programs to ensure a new experience each visit| Benihana restaurants were decorated by Japanese carpenters using authentic Japanese decor and materials. This provided guests with the sites and ambiance of being in Japan.Additionally, this hibachi communal-style dining was the first of its kind in the US which provided for a novelty restaurant for families, singles, and group gatherings. Offering a limited menu but a variety of drink options leaves the atmosphere to be fun, entertaining and relaxing. Broadway Pizza’s robots were programmed with multiple songs to ensure that a new experience was had during repeat visits. Keeping the entertainment fresh kept children interested, and parents willing to become repeat visitors. |Layout| * Customer flow from bar to dining area * Two hibachi grills next to each other * Small kitchen * Standard design using authentic Japanese materials/artifacts | * Multiple rooms offering unique dining and entertainment * Stressful environment due to low visibility of children * No standard design| Rocky knew that something was wrong when he opened his first Benihana restaurant in regards to layout design. The bar was not big enough to hold waiting customers, but he got it right after the third try and continued the model in the following store openings.Having 2 hibachi grills next to each other allowed for efficient cooking for the chef and quick service for customers. Small kitchens opened up dining space, and the interior being authentic made for a nice atmosphere. BP did not have a standard design for each of it’s location, and always ended up with a stressful environment. With floor to ceiling walls separating â€Å"rooms†, visibility was low and safety a concern. Although the space offered multiple entertaining options, it was not ideal for family togetherness and safety. Job process and design| * Chef controls dining flow * Food prepared before reaching chef * Front men maximize table utilization | * Mangers control technology and food services * Invested in quick serving pizza ovens to ensure customer satisfaction| Each person in BH played a specific role in the flow of customers through the system. The front men greeted and served umbrella drinks, and ensured that groupings of 8 were rounded up and ready to sit-to maximize capacity and utilization.Simple menus made for quick food prep, and prepared for the chef so he could take the cart for more than 1 table and go. BP installed quick cooking pizza ovens reducing wait times and increasing customer satisfaction. What kind of manag ers should be hired for BP? Hospitality or food? A lost vision and identity in this regard made it difficult for staff to have efficient control, while additionally needing a staff person who understands robot technology. Technology and Information Support Systems| * Recruiting and training of staff | * Programmable robots * Arcade games * Quick oven| BH had a strict process for the recruiting and training of its staff, with ads recruiting experienced chefs to go through a specific 15wk training with approved BH teachers. BP was mostly technology based, with arcade games, robot shows (each with multiple programs), and upgraded cooking tools (6min pizzas). This structure required another manager or staff person to focus solely on technology in each store. Organization structure| * Simple management structure * Three man corporate structure * Franchise * Certified chefs| * Complicated corporate structure * Poorly defined roles * Lack of hiring structure| Benihana implemented an organi zational structure that implemented control and focus on specific roles and operated those roles with efficiency to improve cost. Chef’s managed and operated while corporate focused on the big picture. Broadway implemented a complicated structure that was hard to follow and had poorly defined roles which led to a lack of control. Customer Contact , behavior, skills| * Highly interactive * Trained employees to combine skilled labor and defined service management skills * Trained in American culture| * Technology interactive with scheduled shows * Sufficient service management skills| The main focus of Benihana was to provide superior service management from both the front room employees and back room. This provided a full experience from the certified chefs to the experienced support staff. Broadway Pizza developed a strategy to use interactive technology with scheduled shows and service management skills that provided positive customer service scores. Service provider selecti on, development, and empowerment| * Employees certified and trained in American culture * Only Japanese employees * Low turn-over rate * Employees have the ability to be promoted * Chef controls speed of dinner * Front men responsible for table utilization which directing effects bottom line profits| * Did not know what industry to source management candidates from * Specialized robotic technicians * No defined corporate ladder| Based on the success of Benihana, they have created an environment for their employees that stimulate a positive work environment, low turn-over rates and higher utilization rates for the entire company. Broadway Pizza wanted to provide a service for both entertainment and food but from the high turn-over rates and no room for corporation growth, Broadway was unable to recruit the right candidates for the positions. | Recognition and reward| * Real world benefits * Certifications * Work Visa * Education/ Training | * N/A| Having the right recognition for Ben ihana’s employees has kept them from losing qualified chefs through offering visa’s to work and also education opportunities they might not have otherwise had access to.Based on Broadways performance it was clear that they implemented no recognition or rewards which led to the high turn-over rates. | Service Recovery and guarantees| * Guaranteed authentic Japanese atmosphere including building materials and staff * Studied service upsets and used data in creation of new locations| * Guaranteed robotic functionality| Benihana has guaranteed its service based around the authentic Japanese experience with the use of hibachi grills as well as authentic materials and staff. Benihana has also implemented strategies to deal with past difficulties and the use of data to pick correct new locations. Broadway Pizza offers its core strategy which is to offer a dining experience that offers a robotic experience. |

Sexual Issues With Cultural Controversies - 997 Words

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